Joseph Murray

Joseph Edward Murray ( born April 1, 1919 in Milford, Massachusetts, † November 26, 2012 in Boston, Massachusetts) was an American surgeon and pioneer of the kidney transplant. In 1990 he received along with Thomas E. Donnall the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine " for their introduction to the method of transfer of tissues and organs in clinical management practices in human medicine."

Life

Murray studied at Holy Cross College (Bachelor 1940) and Harvard Medical School ( completion 1943). He specialized in plastic surgery and was - after military service in World War II, where he treated many burns - at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital ( later Brigham and Women's Hospital ) in Boston, where he was from 1964 to 1986 headed the plastic surgery. From 1955 to 1966 he headed the Laboratory of Surgical Research at Harvard University and the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. He was also from 1972 to 1985 head of plastic surgery at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston. From 1970 to 1986 he was Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School.

On kidney Brigham Hospital research has been done for some time at the Peter Bent, there had always suffered setbacks. The Head of Surgery Francis Daniels Moore, who had set as Murray plastic surgeon gave him the further development. On 23 December 1954 he succeeded the first successful kidney transplant between identical twins. The patient Richard Herrick, then 23 years old, had end-stage glomerulonephritis. He recovered after surgery, but fell ill a few years later again glomerulonephritis and died in 1963 of pneumonia. 1956 transplanted Murray the then 21 -year-old Edith helmet a kidney of her twin sister. The recipient recovered well after the operation, one year later a child into the world and died in 2011 at age 76.

1962 succeeded Murray transplantation immunosuppression even in genetically identical individuals not. For this, the immune system of the patient against the donor organ had to be suppressed, Murray initially with massive X-ray irradiation tried (meaning him in 1959 saw the successful kidney transplant between two genetically non-identical brothers, the receiver 29 years survived ) and then with azathioprine, the use of which he in collaboration with the Boston guest was staying Roy Calne tested.

In 1964-65 he was president of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons. He was a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1983, he was vice president of the American Cancer Society and 1983-84 Vice- President of the American College of Surgeons. He was a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

In 1962 he received the Francis Amory Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1963, the Gold Medal of the International Association of Surgeons and 1990, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Kidney Foundation. In 1991 he received the Medal of the American Surgical Association.

From 1963 to 1971 he was associate editor of the Journal of Transplantation.

Murray was married to his wife Bobby since 1945 and had six children with her. On November 26, 2012, he died at the age of 93 years following a stroke at Boston's Brigham and Women 's Hospital.

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