Joseph VI Audo
Joseph Audo (also Audu or Oddo ) (* 1790 in Alqosh, † March 14, 1878 in Mosul ) was under the name of Joseph VI. Audo patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church.
Life
In 1814 he became a monk in the monastery of Rabban Hormizd at Alqosh and was ordained a priest. On March 25, 1825 he was ordained Bishop of Mosul by the patriarchal administrator Augustine Hindi. In the years 1830-1847 he held the office of the Metropolitan of Amadiyah. Following the resignation of the Patriarch Nicholas Zaya he was enthroned on 28 July 1847 and successor on September 11, 1848 by Pope Pius IX. confirmed as the new patriarch.
Competing jurisdictions
At the beginning of the 19th century were within the Chaldean Catholic Church two patriarchal succession lines next to each other. On one side of the monastery of Rabban Hormizd and patriarchy of " Joseph's line " in Diyarbakir was under the direction of Augustine Hindi (1827 resolved). On the other side was the traditional Patriarchate of Babylon ( " Elias - line " ), the Catholic wing headed in succession Yohannan Hormizd. Joseph Audo was a follower of Augustine Hindi ( "Patriarch Joseph V. " ) and became an active opponent of Yohannan Hormizd and its successor Nicholas Zaya. The Roman-appointed, now only Catholic Chaldean Patriarch Nicholas Zaya looked suspicions and opposition of several bishops exposed, including Joseph Audo belonged. When Nicholas Zaya voluntarily resigned his patriarchate, Rome Joseph Audo as his successor.
Joseph Audo as patriarch
Under the new patriarch, the Chaldean Catholic Church experienced personnel and organization a boost. Audo improved the training of clergy and was with the financial help of the Vatican a seminary at Notre Dame Convent in Alqosh and a Syro- Chaldean seminary in Mosul build.
On the First Vatican Council from 1869 to 1870 was one of Patriarch Joseph VI. Audo, like almost all the Eastern Churches participants, the council minority, which rejected the dogma of infallibility and primacy of jurisdiction of the Roman Pontiff. It was not until 1877 Joseph Audo issued a declaration of loyalty to the Holy See.
The conflict with Rome over India
The Catholic Thomas Christians of the East Syrian Rite were under in the 19th century all Latin Ordinaries, either the Portuguese Padroado bishops in Cochin or the Apostolic ( = Pontifical ) administrators in Verapoly. However, part tried for some time to the appointment of a bishop Eastern Christian origin. The Chaldean patriarch Yohannan Hormizd sent them already in the 1820s several Chaldean Catholic priest.
As patriarch in imitation of the ancient Church of Seleucia- Ctesiphon Catholicosate Joseph Audo understood as chief of all the Catholics of the East Syrian Rite. In 1861 he sent without consultation with Rome, the Chaldean Bishop Thoma Rocosnach India to the local Syro -Malabar Thomas Christians who were members of the house of the same rite, but no bishops possessed of their own ritual to reconnect with the historic Mother Church and them against the reinforced Romanization by the competent Vicar Apostolic Bernardine Baccinelli assist. Then left the Syro - Malabar Bishops' most Baccinelli and placed themselves under the Chaldean bishop Roco. Of 154 municipalities, only 38 of the Roman point of view alone legitimate ecclesiastical authority remained faithful. Their spokesman, the respected Kuriakose Elias Chavara religious priests, requested and received support from Pope Pius IX. by letter of 5 September 1861. Chavara stood behind the Roman teachings and Baccinelli subordinated himself, who called him for the Syro -Malabar communities vicar general with special powers. Bishop Roco, ordered back by Patriarch Joseph Audo by order of the Pope, returned in 1862 returned to Mosul, after the schism largely died out. The remaining minority received by the Assyrian Catholicos Shimun XX. a local bishop with the Indians Mar Abdisho Thondanatta that but found little support for his non-Catholic episcopal ordination in the Catholic Thomas Christians. The Roman Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith decided in 1865 against the claims of the Chaldean Patriarch of Babylon of jurisdiction over the Indian members of his rite.
In his encyclical " Quae in Patriarchatu " Pope Pius IX went. 1872 detailed the Indian Juri diction controversy. Joseph Audo insisted first on his positions; he also refused to consecrate of Rome without his consent for the Chaldean Catholic Church named candidates as bishops, and changed only after years his attitude. 1874 Audo sent again a bishop, this time Elias Mellus, to India, which until 1882 was employed locally by 1874 and Mar Abdisho Thondanatta produced a friendly agreement. The bishop returned to Mesopotamia Mellus submitted to Rome in 1889 and 1893, under Pope Leo XIII. , The Chaldean Catholic Diocese of Mardin in Turkey. Some of his followers - called Mellusianer - did not follow him, but gathered around Mar Abdisho Thondanatta († 1900). This was 1907/ 08 in Mar Abimalek Timothy a successor to the Indian Metropolia of the autocephalous Assyrian Church of the East formed from this group, known locally as " Chaldean Syrian Church ". Their Metropolitan Thomas Darmo (1903-1969) settled in 1968 in Iraq to counter Catholicos Patriarch of Shimun XXIII. Order today and founded the independent altkalendarische Ancient Church of the East. Your Indian Metropolia has since, however, reunited with the general " Assyrian Church of the East". The Syro - Malabar Catholic acquired in the 20th century local bishops and form today under a Major Archbishop intrinsically legitimate ( " sui juris " ) Church in communion with the Roman Pontiff.
Others
Nephew of the patriarch Thomas Audo (1855-1918) was a renowned semitist and Chaldean Catholic Archbishop of Urmia, whose brother Israel Audo (1859-1941) Archbishop of Mardin.