Juku

Juku (actually Japanese学习 塾, gaku shūjuku ) are private tutoring or cram schools, in which about two-thirds of all Japanese students are prepared in regular classes in the evenings or on weekends to important tests ( middle school, high school, university), receive or tutoring.

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There are advanced courses and courses as well as normal single or remedial education in small groups. Depending on the number of subjects and lessons ranging from very affordable costs to exorbitant and it has formed around the Juku a great education industry. Juku lessons two days a week in a school subject costs about 7000 yen per month, which corresponds to about 50 €.

After a so-called " juku - boom" in the 1970s, Juku have also gained in recent years weight again because the Japanese Ministry of Education has the fabric in middle school and high school curricula in 2002 reduced. The end of Saturday teaching in schools has led also to a further increase in enrollment in the Juku.

Juku operate with many different teaching methods of online services through satellite transmissions, by lectures to individual and group lessons in a school-like class format. Similarly, the Juku vary in organizational form. Even if all Juku act for profit ranging forms of organization of the mom and pop Juku, which attracts students primarily in the surrounding neighborhood, to large corporations and franchise companies in the education industry.

In recent years Juku also appear to be more than a solution to the apparently rampant problem of the " truants " (不 登 校, futōkō ) offer. This already on the wrong associations, the " crammer " often triggers the term out as these children refuse to participate in the teaching in schools, but some of them regularly attend juku lessons.

Whether the alleged plight of Japanese education, which just is not comprehensible often from the perspective of foreign countries, see many journalists and politicians increasingly Juku as an example of a market economy structured education that is oriented closer to the needs of students and parents.

Despite the generally considered important role of juku in the Japanese education system, there is little social science-based research projects on the content of the Juku or their attractiveness to students and parents.