Juliane Giovane
Duchess Juliane Giovane di Girasole ( born December 21, 1766 Würzburg, † in August 1805 in the furnace; Also: Duchessa di Giuliana Giovene Girasole, born Reichsfreiin Juliane von Mudersbach - Redwitz and many other spellings ) was a German writer and maid of honor in the age of Enlightenment. Why they naturalized her name as Giovane instead Giovene with her writings from 1791, is not known.
Life
Reichsfreiin Juliane von Mudersbach was born in a relative of Prince-Bishop Philipp von Schönborn family of the small Franconian nobility in Würzburg in the Augustiner Gasse 11. At the age of thirteen she was living with her sister at her widowed mother, talked to the Italian Neapolitan Abbé Vitale, who was in Würzburg with Franz Oberthuer like a Florentine. She was already involved in their youth in the publication of the short-lived German women's magazine "Pomona for Teutschlands Daughters" (1783 /84) of Sophie von La Roche. It was promoted by the older friend's mother Karl Theodor von Dalberg, who had to care for her dowry, and with whom she later published a book.
In a Procura - marriage she married on 18 April 1786 in Würzburg Michael Church 's ten years older than Duca di Nicola Giovene Girasole - his deputy was Baron von Eberstein - and moved in with him to southern Italy. The son Carlo was born on April 30, 1787, Queen Maria Carolina was godmother, daughter Elisabetta died in childhood. Duke Carlo Giovene died in 1849, his great-grandson was Andrea Giovene. Duke Nicola Giovene married in 1805 after her death again, he died in 1820.
At the Neapolitan court of the Bourbons was maid of honor of Queen Maria Carolina of Habsburg -Lorraine.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was on his Italian trip and had taken on the way back from Sicily back in Naples station. He was received by her in her apartment in the Palace of Capodimonte on 2 June 1787. The " well-shaped young lady of very delicate and moral conversation " led with him a scholarly conversation about Johann Gottfried Herder, Christian Garve and the German writers and by him sought confirmation of her literary ambitions. In the evening they besahen from the window the spectacle of the Vesuvius eruption. Also Herder made her on his Grand Tour to pay his respects and wrote about it on February 2, 1789, his wife Caroline. Giovane collected at Vesuvius minerals and wrote a little treatise of Oryktognosie.
After bitter experiences in their marriage and the separation from her husband ( " rozzo et brutal " ) in 1790 she went to Vienna and still bore the title and name of a Duchess Giovane. Son Carlo remained in Naples, they honored him in 1796 idées sur la their writing MANIERE de rendre les jeunes gens of the voyage ....
With their writings on education she made a name for himself and found at the Viennese court in 1795 a position as Obristhofmeisterin and educator in the court of the Archduchess Marie Louise, the granddaughter of their Neapolitan patroness Maria Carolina. Between 1800 and 1804 she lived in Vienna with Josefine Deym. Because of her poor health, she moved with her companion Countess Révay to Buda, where she died in the house of the family Brunszvik 1805.
In her writings, she took on issues of education and information, in answering the price question: " Which permanent means are there to lead people without external force for good? " ( 1785 ): 1) "Preservation of false notions about the Sittlichgute ", 2) "Notice of true concepts ", 3) " facilitate the implementation of the good guys." In its reply are " education, religion and government," the three powers by which these agents can be brought into use. Translated Salomon Gessner's " Idylls " into Italian and tried himself in his style, with a poem by Ovid.
Giovane was awarded the Star Cross Order. On January 16, 1794, the Prussian king's decision was announced on their inclusion in the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, she was there the second female member and remained so for the next one hundred years. Previously, she had already become an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm.
Biography
The young Benedetto Croce 1887 a small article about the " Figurine Goethiana " in the Rassegna Pugliese, which was published in Trani written. Ludwig Pollak in 1932 published his little essay on the Duchessa in an in Rome, published in German and Italian private pressure.
Works
- Essay on the question: What gives permanent means to lead people without external force for good. 1785 digitized at the Bavarian State Library
- Lettres sur l' education of the princesses. Joseph Stahel, Vienna 1791 [ review ]
- Lettera di una delle leggi then sul codice di S. Leucio. Vienna in 1793 ( about Leucius of Brindisi). First, Naples 1789 (1790)
- Collected Writings of Mrs. Julie Duchess of Giovane natives Reichsfreyinn of Mudersbach, Star Cross Medal lady, Honorary Member of the Academy of Fine K. academics, arts and antiquities to Stockholm, ed. by Joseph Edler von Retzer, Printed by Ignaz Alberti, kk privil. Printer, Vienna 1793
- The Four Ages of the World: After Ovid in four Styken; On the abolition of serfdom in Bohemia. Vienna in 1793 ( first 1783/1784, see the information at Croce, La Duchessa Giovane )
- Idées sur la MANIERE de rendre les jeunes gens of the voyage à leur propre utils culture ... 1796
- Plan pour faire servir les voyages à la culture des jeunes gens qui se vouent au service de l' etat dans la politique carriere, Accompagne d'un precis historique de l' usage de voyager (etc.), Impr Alberti, Vienna 1797
- De l' influence des sciences et des beaux -arts sur la publique tranquility. together with Karl Theodor von Dalberg, and Ludovico di Breme, Bodoni, Parma 1802
- Table d' observations for Statistics et politiques d'après l' état actuel c. 1794-1805 des nations civilisées. Alberti, Vienna o.J.