Julius von Payer

Julius Johannes Ludovicus Payer, since 1876 Ritter von Payer ( born September 2, 1842 in Schönau, Bohemia; † 30 August 1915 Velde (Bled, Slovenia) ) was an Austro- Hungarian officer, polar and alpine research, cartographer and professor the Military Academy, also known as the painter made ​​a name for himself and was raised in 1876 in the hereditary nobility or knighthood.

Life

Training

Payers training took place at the Institute cadets Lobzowa in Krakow and in 1857 at the Teresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt. In 1859, falls Payers first detectable stay in Frankfurt am Main, as his regiment was stationed in this city and in Mainz. On 24 June 1859, he experienced the Austrian defeat at Solferino and was decorated for his efforts. His rank was that of a second lieutenant in the 36th Infantry Regiment, 2nd class. The monthly salary of the sub- lieutenants Payer was 36 guilders at that time. From 1860 to 1868 Payer was stationed at various places in northern Italy. This he used to explore different peaks of the Alps and also in writing to report it. Thirty first ascents in the Ortler and Glocknergruppe be attributed to him.

1860 to 1862 he was with the troops in Verona. In 1863 he undertook an ascent of the Grossglockner. In 1864 he became commander of the lagoon forts Lombardo at Chioggia. 1865 to 1868 he undertook the mountaineering development of the Ortler group. Until 1865, he also worked as a teacher of history and geography at the military academy. 1866 Payer was decorated with Custozza and promoted to Lieutenant. In 1868 the Minister of War called him personally as a general staff officer to kk military geographical institute of August Fligely to Vienna. 1868 he was appointed the University of Halle, due to its mountaineering research and publications for Dr. phil. honorary.

At the age of 27 years was Julius Payer as an accomplished researcher of high mountains, both scientific observations of nature and topographic relationships safely controlled and was also able to lay down his findings in writing.

Polar Expeditions

1869/70 took Payer August at the invitation of Peter 's at the second German North Polar Expedition under Captain Carl Koldewey to East Greenland in part. With the Germania they reached the Shannon - island as the northernmost point. From winter quarters at the Sabine Island off the coast between 73 ° and 77 ° north latitude was measured. Payer made ​​several sled trips to explore the country, especially around the Kaiser Franz Joseph Fjord. As an experienced alpinist he boarded coastal mountains such as the high was named after him in 1793 m Payer Tinde.

A second expedition led him in 1871 with Carl Weyprecht on the plane chartered by Hans Graf Wilczek Isbjörn in the waters between Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya. The ride was preparing the great Austria - Hungarian North Pole expedition, which took place from 1872 to 1874 with Carl Weyprecht as commander at sea and Julius Payer as commander ashore. It led to the discovery of Franz -Joseph- country. Soon after his return, many critics had spoken out, who doubted the existence of the Franz Josef Land, and also the experiences of the participants during the expedition. Based on witness statements, diaries and scientific sketches Payer was able to prove the truth, but it was even his RZB booked exceptional promotion on the basis of suspicion in the officers' society thwarted captain. The injured in the honor Payer took his leave - with 44 guilders fee.

Marriage

1876 ​​Julius von Payer was staying on vacation in Lazne. There he made ​​the acquaintance of the wealthy Frankfurt banker's wife Fanny May, born Gumpertz ( born July 19, 1845). Her father Leopold Gumpertz had a change of business on the Zeil 61 ( address 1872). Gumpertz had 1839 saved the Israelite civil oath in Frankfurt. Fanny May was married to the Frankfurt banker ( business: Bleichstr 6. ) Moses Beer Can, a nephew of Louis Rothschild. Fanny May was apparently very fond of the famous mountaineer and polar explorer. They divorced in the same year and married Julius von Payer. On November 15, 1877 Payer volunteered residing in Frankfurt. 1877 to 1879 the couple lived in Frankfurt, on Hanauer Landstrasse 15 in Ostend. Two children were born, first on May 6, 1877 in Bayonne, the daughter Oliva Julia Fanny and on May 15, 1881 in Frankfurt, the son of Julius.

Painting

Payer studied painting at the Städel Institute among professors Hasselhorst, Lutze and summer. It also examined in Frankfurt with anatomy on cadavers and the graphical perspective. At the suggestion of Ferdinand Wagner, he reached for the first time broad brush and painted oil paintings. Personally, he was caught completely in love for its glamourous woman. So Payer wrote in 1878 from Frankfurt to his friend, the well-known African traveler Gerhard Rohlfs, that he, if he had not married so happy to have the planned expedition to the "country of the black guys " like to partake. Payer continued his studies from 1880 to 1882 at the Munich Academy under Alexander Wagner, whose composition and painting technique inspired him to continue. In Munich Payer created a larger cycle of images on the Franklin Polar Expedition, for which he received the Medal of the great Munich Academy. On December 31, 1882, the Payers officially reported from Frankfurt for Paris.

In Paris Payer had his studio in the Rue de Martin, where he recorded influences of Constant, Bonnat, Cabanel, Gallait and Tattegrain. In the studio of Munkacsy he learned the effective contrast of bright white and velvety black-brown. In 1884, he lost an eye due to an infection. The blame, he gave his life, his wife Fanny, who had blotted him after the operation a blood trail with cotton buds improperly. In addition, he was short-sighted even from a young age. For his paintings, he was in Paris in 1887 and 1889, in Munich in 1885, in Berlin in 1888 and in Chicago in 1894 each gold medals.

Monumental painting of him with Arctic issues are located at the Natural History Museum and the Marine Room of the Military History Museum in Vienna.

Divorce

In 1890, Julius von Payer separated from his wife and children who remain in Paris. Supposedly Fanny von Payer had a pronounced tendency to social life. Your supposed to have been very keen herumzuzeigen the famous Arctic explorer everywhere, which Payer apparently increasingly displeased. After separation Payer returned to Vienna and saw his wife and children ever again, even the correspondence soon fell asleep.

In Vienna Payer moved his old apartment in the Bechardgasse 14 There, in the former studio of Hans Makart, he opened a painting school for young ladies. Among his pupils there was also Helene Lillmann from Frankfurt. Since 1892, he felt sick and nervous exhaustion ( neurasthenia ) suffering. In 1892 but was also his most famous picture " Never back ". Since 1895, he showed interest in the plans for a German Antarctic expedition. 1898 visited him Fridtjof Nansen in Vienna. A part of his livelihood he earned through lectures; so he kept the 1228 in 18 years. For Tirol Payer employees of Baedeker guidebook was.

Illness and death

In the 1890s, he took his daughter Adele, who came from a previous relationship to itself. To 1903, he became widely into oblivion. Of course, he received this year a grace salary of 6000 crowns a year to end of life. He spent his summer vacations regularly in Bad Velde in the Duchy of Carniola, on Lake Bled between the Julian Alps and Karavanke. He was a supporter of the Kurmethoden Riklischen institution with long summer baths. On May 26, 1912 he met, who had until then by an iron constitution, a stroke, which robbed him of speech. He written communication was only possible. His loneliness grew after marriage the daughter of Adele with the Lieutenant v. Manker - Lerch stone ( an ancestor of the director Gustav Manker ). Therefore, he lived in recent years with a Viennese woman who had once been a student of him and which he had introduced to the art of painting, as husband and wife together. Payer died on 30 August 1915 in Velde of a heart attack. His partner went in the last three years of life so totally in the care payers on that she followed him voluntarily shortly after his death. He was buried on 4 September 1915 in a grave of honor in Vienna's Central Cemetery (Group 32 A, number 37).

Reception

The Marine Hall of Vienna's Museum of Military History Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition in detail is documented. On display are numerous paintings by Julius Payer, including the monumental painting " Never back ", which reflects the severity of the situation, as the crew wanted to return to the ship trapped in the ice, which would have meant certain death. Furthermore, ship models are on display, which are related to the expedition and the famous "snake" of Julius von Payer. These are reflections that brought Payer shortly before his death on paper and the report on his life. The notes were glued together later and yielded a total of 24 roles that have been " The Snake " provided with the name. Several photographs also illustrate the events and complete the exhibition.

After the Payer Payer hut on Ortler in South Tyrol, the payer peak in Greenland, which payer land to the south of King Wilhelm country and the payer group are named in Neuschwabenland. When naming the Payergasse in the 16th district Ottakring, the Julius Payer Alley in the 22nd district and Danube town of Vega - payer Weyprecht barracks in the 14th district Penzing was also commemorated.

Writings (selection )

  • The Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition in the years 1872-1874, together with a sketch of the second German North Pole Expedition 1869-1870 and the Polar Expedition of 1871, Time-Life edition, Amsterdam 1983, ISBN 90-6182-761. - 2 ( d Repr ed Vienna 1876).

Works (selection of paintings)

  • Never back! , 1892, oil on canvas, 330 × 460 cm, Museum of Military History, Vienna
  • Polar bear on an ice floe, about 1890, oil on canvas, 50 × 60 cm, Museum of Military History, Vienna
  • The grave of the machinist Krisch, 1890, oil on canvas, 50 × 60 cm, Museum of Military History, Vienna
  • Icy landscape with three men, circa 1890, oil on canvas, 35 x 50 cm, Museum of Military History, Vienna
  • The SMS Admiral Tegetthoff trapped in the ice, about 1890, oil on canvas, 30 x 40 cm, Museum of Military History, Vienna
  • Study for the painting " Never back ", 1890, oil on canvas, 45 × 90 cm, Museum of Military History, Vienna
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