Junayd of Baghdad
Al- Junayd, full name Abū al - Junayd ibn - al Qāsim Muhammad al- Chazzāz al - Qawārīrī (Arabic ابو القاسم الجنيد بن محمد الخزاز القواريري, DMG Abū l - Qāsim al - ibn Muḥammad al - Ǧunaid Ḫazzāz al - Qawārīrī, † 910) was a representative of the Baghdad mysticism and is still regarded as one of the main authorities of Sufism.
Al- Junayd was the son of a Persian merchant who traded with bottles or crystals ( qawārīr ), where his Nisba al - Qawārīrī stirred. His family came from the Persian city Nahavad. He grew up in Baghdad in the household of his uncle Sari al- Saqati, who introduced him into the mystical. Sufi teachings he learned also by al - Harith al - Muhasibi, with whom he performed long walks. He himself was a silk merchant ( Chazzāz ) worked, but in addition also studied Islamic law (fiqh ) at the schafiitischen scholar Abu Thaur. With twenty years of his legal education was so far completed that he could give legal opinions on its behalf.
Junayd saw in Sufism a path of constant purification and spiritual struggle (see also nafs ). He condemned some other sharp Sufis who claimed to be able to flout moral and religious duties or not to have to comply with the rules of the Koran. For Junayd Quran and Sunnah were the foundations of the faith, and these can be set by any mystical experience overridden. Also, apply to him for the referral to the mystical path, a certain way of life as a prerequisite: ritual purity ( Tahara ), constant remembrance of God ( dhikr ) periodic fasting ( hem ), exams, times of silence, giving up his own property and the guidance of a Sufi master ( sheikh ).
After Junayd the goal of Sufism is not the "unity experience," but the state after the return of this experience to consciousness of itself After the return has to the clarity of the knowledge of God, that is, life is a life in God. However, Junayd said that one should not live a life led by God in lonely seclusion. Rather, one should stand fast in the community of fellow human beings, to help them be an example and to be able to stand by their side helping. However, he rejected the Sufi Mansur al - Hallaj, who surrendered his opinion the secrets of Sufipfades in public.
Junayd viewed from different directions, and schools as champions, and the most spiritual chains ( Silsila ) Sufi Order of the later ( Sufi brotherhoods ) go back to him.