Juncaginaceae

Marsh trident ( Triglochin palustris)

The trident plants ( Juncaginaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of the plantain -like ( Alismatales ). This small family contains four genera with about 15 to 25 species. About a use by humans is not known.

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

There are rare annuals, usually herbaceous plants. This marsh and swamp plants form rhizomes to tubers. There are always emersed plant, so they do not grow submerged. Some species are halophytes.

The basal and spiral up to two lines arranged leaves are always emersed. The more or less unifazialen leaf blades are narrow, simple, linear and parallel-veined. The open leaf sheaths are more durable than the leaf blades. Petioles are never available. The stomata are usually paracytisch.

Inflorescences and flowers

They form a terminal or pendant on a leafless inflorescence stem a racemose inflorescence or aged men, often the flowers are individually. There are no support or cover sheets available.

The mostly hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual flowers are more or less radial symmetry and a ( Lilaea ), two or threes. If the flowers are getrenntgeschlechtig, then the species is dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). The greenish, whitish or purple, free bloom wither quickly; seldom absent bloom. The usually three, four, or six, or eight rarely a free stamens are often nearly sessile, almost without stamens. Sometimes there is only one carpel available; usually four or six upper permanent carpels present; they can be freely grown up to an ovary. The carpel only one ovule is present. It is at most a short style available. Pollination is by wind ( anemophily ).

Fruit and seeds

They are seeded follicles, nut fruits or carpels. Sometimes collecting fruits are formed. The embryo is straight.

Chromosomes

The chromosomes are 0.6 to 1.1 microns long. The basic chromosome numbers are x = 6, 8 or 9

Systematics and distribution

The distribution is almost worldwide from the Arctic to the tropical zones and from sea level up to higher altitudes.

The first publication of the family name Juncaginaceae was in 1808 by Louis Claude Marie Richard in demonstration Botaniques, 9 type genus is Juncago Seg., It is today a synonym of Triglochin L.. Synonyms for Juncaginaceae Rich. are: Borboraceae Dulac, Lilaeaceae Dum, Maundiaceae Nak, Triglochinaceae Dum. ..

This family includes four genera with about 15 to 18 ( up to 25 ) types:

  • Lilaea Bonpl. With the only kind: Lilaea scilloides ( Poir. ) Hauman: It is widespread in the New World and naturalized in North Portugal in places
  • Maundia triglochinoides F.Muell. It is native to eastern Australia.
  • Tetroncium magellanicum Willd. It is in Argentina and Chile in Patagonia and is home to the Falkland Islands.
  • Marsh trident ( Triglochin palustris L.)
  • Beach - trident ( Triglochin maritima L.)

Other species of this genus from Europe are:

  • Triglochin bulbosa L., of salt locations of the Mediterranean and Western Europe, with the two subspecies: subsp. barrelieri ( Loisel. ) Rouy, blooms from March to May
  • Subsp. laxiflora ( Guss. ) Rouy, flowers from September to November.

Swell

  • The Juncaginaceae in APWebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • The Juncaginaceae at DELTA family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Youhao Guo, Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Juncaginaceae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3, pp. 105, online, PDF file (Section Description, systematics and distribution ).
  • Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Juncaginaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae ( in part), and Zingiberidae, Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2000, ISBN 0-19-513729-9, pp. 43-46 ( limited preview in Google Book Search ). , online.
  • Saiyad Hasan Jafri Masudal: Flora of West Pakistan 48: Juncaginaceae. Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi 1973 online. ( Description section )
  • S. W. L. Jacobs: Juncaginaceae. In: Gwen J. Harden (ed.): Flora of New South Wales. Volume 4, New South Wales University Press, Kensington 1993, ISBN 0-86840-188-9, pp. 19-21, limited preview on Google Book Search, online ( with updated nomenclature ).
  • Leslie Watson: Juncaginaceae. In: Western Australian Herbarium (ed.): Flora Base. The Western Australian Flora. Department of Environment and Conservation 2008, online. ( Description section )
  • James Edward Dandy: Triglochin L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb ( eds.): Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae ( Monocotyledones ), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980, ISBN 0 - 521-20108 -X, pp. 6-7 ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).
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