Jutland

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Geographical location

Jutland ( Jylland in Danish [ jylanʔ ]; adjective: " jütisch " or " jütländisch ", Danish jysk ) is, in its narrower definition ( ie excluding the Scandinavian Peninsula), in the northernmost part of continental Europe. According to the most common (though not entirely uncontroversial ) Definition of Jutland, this covers the northern part of the peninsula Cimbrian and thus the entire Danish mainland. (→ For the other, more or less common, definitions see Section "Differing definitions .") However, almost all of the different definitions have in common that they as a single island, also located directly in front of the northern coast of Vendsyssel -Thy count, with at Jutland. The are two heavy historical flood events based on: 1825 and 1862 - from a historical perspective that is only recently - had storm surges landmass separated from the North Jutland mainland, so this " North West Jutland " was created; and against this background, the new island was never considered by the Jutes as such, but, exceptionally, further than the mainland - and Jutland - belong considered.

Jutland is, whether defined as a peninsula or as part of a peninsula, bounded on three sides by the sea; clockwise:

  • In the west of the eastern North Sea
  • To the north by the Skagerrak
  • In the northeast and east by the Kattegat
  • To the southeast from the Little Belt ( with limitation on Jutland DK ) or the east and southeast of the Belt Sea (with expansion of Jutland on the peninsula )

Differences in definitions

Jutland makes for a different definitions of several of the Danish part of Cimbrian peninsula. It is according to this definition of the term northern part of the peninsula between the Baltic and North Sea, extending from the Elbe estuary in the south over a length of about 450 km to the Skaw. More specifically, the northern part of Jutland, separated by the Limfjord, since 1825 represents an island, named North West Jutland or Vendsyssel -Thy. Jutland is the continental part of Denmark Jutland dar. is 29,775 km ² ( representing about 70 % of the total area of Denmark), but has only 2.188 million inhabitants (about 40 % of the total population ).

However, the definition of the name of Jutland as part of the Danish peninsula Cimbrian is not without controversy, because the name Jutland by the level of political term will be awarded and the applicability of the term varies historically between the Elbe and the Kolding - Ribe - line. Partial Jutland is equated with the Cimbrian peninsula as a geographical term; such as Denmark, the entire peninsula is generally referred to as halvø Jyske ( Jutland Peninsula). The term " Jutland peninsula " also appears in texts of historians and encyclopaedic works as a designation of the entire peninsula. Another different concept definition comes in a legal guise, therefore: the legal legal definition of the name Jutland results from the specified scope of Jutland Low ( Jütisches law) of 1240 After that belong to Jutland, the total area between Skagen and the Kiel Fjord - Levensau Eider - line. including adjacent islands, Funen, Fehmarn and Helgoland.

History

Jutland has its name from the Jutes, a Germanic tribe that has probably spoken originally a West Germanic language. A part of the tribe seems to have migrated along with the Suevi to the south. A significant part emigrated in the 5th century with the Angles and Saxons to England ( the Medway ). The retarded larger part was assimilated by the North Germanic Danes who had their homes in what is now southern Sweden ( Skåne ) and Jutland settled by the Danish islands. From this period the settlement site Hvolris comes in Viborg. The Jutes / Danes pushed southward prior to the Eider, where they encountered Saxons and Slavs. The river should be from 811 form over a millennium, the Danish southern border, with this statement, in turn, depends on definitions, as the Duchy of Schleswig ( South Jutland ) was formed in 1200 north of the three Jutland Sysseln the Eider, the latter as a fief of the Kingdom of Denmark only or indirectly under stood. However, most of the time also took the Danish king in personal union the function of the Duke of Schleswig true and was from 1460 in addition Graf, from 1474 Duke of adjoining belonging to the Holy Roman Empire, Duchy of Holstein.

The name of the Peninsula as Cimbrian peninsula goes back to the Cimbri, a North Germanic tribe that around the 1st century BC, the Teutons then in today's Switzerland and - pulled through the Rhone Valley in France or via the Brenner Pass to Italy - split.

Since the 9th century, the Danish Kingdom and the Frankish Empire came together in the southern Jutland Peninsula, the southern border of Jutland was to define political- legal and has moved several times between Schlei and consequently Eider ( Danish cord). In the Middle Ages existed in each Nørrejylland ( Norder Jutland ) and Jutland ( Southshore Jutland ) regional land Stinge.

1240 Jutland was eponymous for the Jutland Low ( Jutland law). It was on the peninsula of Skagen in the north to the Kiel Fjord - Levensau Eider - line in the south including adjacent islands, Funen, Fehmarn and Helgoland. This was one of the duchy of Schleswig to Jutland, as long as it was under Danish sovereignty, ie until the acquisition of sovereignty by the German Confederation in 1866. With the cession of North Schleswig by the German Reich in 1920, the limit is in the range of linguistic transition between Sønderjysk and Standard Danish ( Rigsdansk ) in the north and the Schleswig 's Low German and High German in the south.

Geography

In the Danish Jutland, the Schleswig-Holstein landscape continues to the north continued, with marshes on the North Sea coast to the west, a Endmoränenrücken ( Geest ) that runs through the peninsula in the north-south direction in the middle and loamy hill country from the ground moraines the Ice Age is, in the East, and in particular the Djursland continued, part of the Office Århus. However, the present topography is not old, as Jutland lifts along a diagonal tilt axis in the northeastern part still (10 mm / year, originally 75 mm / year) and decreases in the southwest. The Djursland was, for example, until the recent past by Kolindsund ( an estuary ) divided today silted up completely, but still recognizable as a flat, mitteldjursländische valley. To the north of Esbjerg is located in the west coast with a compensatory high sand dunes. From the Limfjord Jutland is cut in an east -west direction. Through the middle of Jutland, running in Viborg beginning and ending in Wedel near Hamburg, the Danish Army Road or Hærvejen ( Military Road ). Historians believe that the beginnings of this path back to the Stone Age.

Largest city in Jutland and the second largest city in Denmark is Aarhus, the (north of the Elbe) is exceeded, however, in the definition of Jutland Jutland peninsula as Cimbrian or Hamburg. The highest elevation of Jutland ( and 171.86 m above sea level, the highest point in Denmark ) is the Møllehøj close to Ejer Bavnehøj and close to the Yding Skovhøj, all of which are Ejer Bjerge between Skanderborg and Horsens in the ridge. Longest river and also Denmark's longest river is the Gudenåen 173 km in length. Under the two different definitions of the Jutland Gudenåen of the Eider is second with 188 km in length.

Administrative divisions

Although Jutland is next to Funen, Zealand and Bornholm one of the traditional parts of the country of Denmark, it is not a separate administrative unit. Since the municipal reform of 2007, it includes the regions of Denmark Nordjylland, Midtjylland, as well as most of the Region Syddanmark.

However, Jutland forms an upper court district for which the Western Regional Court ( Vestre ) based in Viborg is responsible. Until the adaptation of the electoral law as a result of local government reform made ​​entirely Jutland one of three top electoral districts as opposed to Capital (Copenhagen and Frederiksberg) and Øerne ( the islands of Funen, Zealand, Lolland, Falster and others). The Danish Statistical Office maintains a double territorial division, which statistical information can be found both among the administrative units ( regions, municipalities ) as well as in geographical terms.

Occasionally the terms Western and Eastern Denmark are used in Danish media. West Denmark may, depending on the context Jutland and Funen, Jutland only or only the western Jutland, respectively.

At the Jutland Wadden Sea islands Romo, Mando and Fano on the west coast and Alsen be ( as ), Samsø, Læsø and Anholt on the east coast and the islands expected in the Limfjord. Residents Alsens but occasionally refer to themselves as belonging to both Jutland as the Danish islands. Samsø was classified until 1970 administratively under Holbæk Office and Zealand. Anholt belonged in the Middle Ages to the then Danish Halland.

Historically, Jutland was divided into several SYSSEL and these in turn into several Harden. North and south of the Kongeå ( = " Königsau ") was between Nørrejylland ( = " Norder Jutland " ) and Jutland ( = " Southshore Jutland " ) distinguished. From the latter the duchy of Schleswig was from about 1200.

Economy

The world-famous Lego has its headquarters in Billund. Major industries include tourism, especially on the North Sea coast, as well as the fishing and food production. Important industrial and port cities of Kolding, Horsens or Aarhus are particularly found on the Baltic Sea and fjords. In Esbjerg, the fifth largest city in Denmark, the most important North Sea port in the country is a several times a week to Harwich ( UK ) 'Town Car and passenger ferry.

Attractions

In addition to the countless testimonies of antiquity, the megaliths, which are clustered in the eastern half of Jutland, there are monasteries, museums, castles and manors and 22 to the 50 village churches.

About:

  • The Old Town in Aarhus
  • Hjerl Hede ( Open Air Museum )
  • Jelling ( Denmark baptismal font, Runestone )
  • Frigate Jylland
  • Church of Thorsager ( round church )
  • Moesgård ( Open Air Museum )
  • Mønsted lime pits in ( Stoholm )
  • Castle Claus Holm
  • Castle Rose Holm
  • Skjern Egvad Museum ( open air museum )
  • Vrå ( frescoes in the church )
  • Abelines Gard

Under the definition of Jutland Low come on the German side, various castles and mansions as Gottorp Castle and Castle Glücksburg added, also, among other things:

  • The Schleswig Cathedral
  • Hedeby and the Danewerk
  • Friedrichstadt ( Dutch Settlement )
  • The North Frisian Island of Heligoland and the part of the National Park Schleswig -Holstein Wadden Sea

Cities

In Jutland is located with the City of East Jutland region after Hovedstadsområdet the second largest contiguous metropolitan or urban region of the country, in addition to Denmark's second city Aarhus includes the tri-city area Trekantområdet.

The main towns in Jutland

  • Silkeborg
  • Skanderborg
  • Skagen
  • Skive
  • Sønderborg ( Sonderborg German ) ( is mostly on the island of Alsen )
  • Struer
  • Thisted
  • Tønder ( German Tønder )
  • Vejle
  • Viborg

Cities in Germany according to the definition of the Jutland law

( Jütisches Low, Duchy of Schleswig )

  • Arnis
  • Bredstedt
  • Büdelsdorf
  • Eckernfoerde
  • Fehmarn
  • Flensburg
  • Friedrichstadt
  • Garding the end of 2005, now community
  • Glücksburg
  • Husum
  • Kappeln
  • Kiel ( north-western parts of the city )
  • Niebüll
  • Rendsburg (at least the northern parts of the city )
  • Schleswig ( city)
  • Tonning
  • Westerland ( Sylt - to 2008)
  • Wyk auf Foehr

Cities in Germany after the maximum definition

After Maximaldefintion than Jutland peninsula or Cimbrian Hamburg include ( north of the Elbe ) and all cities in Schleswig-Holstein, with the exception of the island of Fehmarn and cities Wyk (until 2008 with the exception of Westerland ) to Jutland; see list of current and former cities of Schleswig -Holstein.

Jütisches low outside the Jutland peninsula

  • Assen
  • Faaborg

Added to the already above mentioned German cities Fehmarn and Wyk (until 2008 also Westerland ).

Natural disaster#Floods Germanic peoples Scania Viborg, Denmark Francia Hærvejen Statistics Denmark Als (island) Anholt (Denmark) Hundred (county division) Billund, Denmark The Old Town, Aarhus Rosenholm Castle Danevirke Grindsted municipality Struer, Denmark Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein
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