Kalands Brethren

Calendering ( Kalandbruderschaften ) is the name for fraternities wealthy citizens for the performance of good works, which were common in the Middle Ages in many cities. The word calendering is derived from the Latin word " kalendae ". It means the first day of a month and refers to the custom of the members of a calendering, to meet regularly on that day.

History

Kalandbruderschaften were established in cities in Central Europe from France to Hungary since the 9th century. They were composed of male and female members of the affluent middle class and distinction not able forms or secular and spiritual origin.

A calendering consisted of six to twelve priests and other laymen. He had each their own, confirmed by the bishops of each diocese statutes. Dechant and treasurer were elected from among the members and had to carry on ingestion and expenditure account and to ensure compliance with the statutes.

The purpose of the meetings of the Kalands was community prayer and the common performing charitable works to the poor and sick. The Kalande also imaginary jointly their deceased members. The celebrations began in the church with the holding of vigils and masses for the dead and a procession. At Easter, the symbolic foot washing of old men and old women of the poor was started and finished with a bread distribution. The meeting ended with a sumptuous meal.

In many cities, the brotherhoods had their own houses for their meetings. So the Warburger calendering was in 1491 a former Adelshof, the Curia Romana donated. 1541 was in Geithain a " Kalandstube " at the Nikolai Church, which is in the museum of the parsonage today.

In the calendering Herford had its own bell in Herford Minster, which dates from around 1200.

In the late Middle Ages, the meetings were always lush with the growing prosperity of the members. Thus, the short term " calendering " finally walked over " Kolund " to " Kohlhund " a dirty word for " boozer " or " glutton ". During the Reformation, there was growing criticism of the behavior of the Kalandsbruderschaften and resulted in Protestant countries to their resolution. This is reported also under the aegis of the Leipzig professor Joachim Feller (1638-1691) wrote Dissertation: The Calender but were houses in it the clergy ausschencken beer left, and as the spiritual friars were wont to keep their carousing. Therefore, you still cultivates to say of the Trunckenbolden: He calendert the gantze week through

In remained Catholic Westphalia third of the brotherhoods was finished only in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Great calendering in Münster and the calendering in Neuenheerse still exist today.

Known Kalandsbruderschaften

The date refers to the respective earliest documented mention. However, the formation may be used to.

  • Bernburg ( Saale) ( 1375 )
  • Brilon ( 1431)
  • Warburg ( 1491 )
  • Geithain (1541 )
  • Calenberger Neustadt, initially in the chapel of St. Galli (?)
  • Lauenburg (?)
  • Göttingen (?)
  • Herford (?)
  • Kalandsbruderschaft in Werl ( 1419. 's Propsteikirche the altar of Kalandsbrüder is obtained in the certification of legal transactions. )
Confraternity Protestant Reformation Alt-Berlin Lauenburg (disambiguation) Johann Heinrich Zedler
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