Kālidāsa

Kalidasa (Sanskrit, m, कालिदास, Kalidasa, literally. Servant of the goddess Kali ) was an Indian poet, who probably end 4 / lived in the time of Guptareichs early 5th century. He is described as one of the nine " gems" at the court of Vikramaditya, and is next to Amaru and Bhartrihari as the main representative of the Indian Sanskrit poetry.

Services

Kalidasa stated in his love poetry different female figures in the foreground, so the faithful hermits daughter Shakuntala Shakuntala in the same drama, the emotional Urvashi and their king loving slave Malavika. His literary epic Kumarasambhava (Eng. 1913 as The Birth of the war god ) deals with the story of the passionate love of the gods Shiva and Parvati. In the epic Raghuvamsha (Eng. 1914 as Raghu strain) sounds criticism of the ruler. The lyric poem Meghaduta (Eng. 1847 The Wolkenbote ) depicts the pain and longing of separated lovers.

Kalidasa's Shakuntala was one of the first works of Indian literature that became known in the West. It was translated into German in 1789 by William Jones into English in 1791 by Georg Forster from English. Goethe, Herder and Schiller were fascinated by Shakuntala, the poet Arthur William Symons called it the best drama in the world. Another German translation of Shakuntala made ​​in 1924 published a paraphrase Friedrich Rückert 1854. Rolf Lauckner.

The story of Shakuntala is also treated in the Mahabharata and the Puranas, but not at this stylistic mastery.

Works

The attribution of the plays is uncertain, as there are several of the same authors.

Dramas

  • Malavikagnimitra (probably)
  • Vikramorvashiya
  • Shakuntala

Kunstepen

  • Kumarasambhava
  • Raghuvamsha

Poetry

  • Meghaduta
  • Ritusamhara ( possible)

Expenditure

Because of the tradition in various reviews the text position is particularly difficult, and there are numerous different issues. The Devanagari review is in:

  • Adrian sash: Kalidasa - Lexicon, Vol I, Part 1-4: Basic Text of the Works. - Vol II, Part 1-2: References and Concordance of Quotations, Bruges: De Temple from 1954 to 1975 ( = works uitgegeven door de Faculteit van de Letteren en wijsbegeerde, Vol 117, 120, 122, 134, 159, 160).

Translations

A total translation of all works into German there is not. Partial translations have appeared in the following editions:

  • Works. Translation, epilogue and declarations of John Mealy, Reclam, Leipzig 1983. ( Translation of the three dramas and two poems Meghaduta and Ritusamhara )
  • Sakuntala. Drama in seven acts. Introduction, translation from Sanskrit and Prakrit and Comments from Albertine Trutmann. Ammann, Zurich 2004. ISBN 3-250-10465-5
  • Sakuntala, a play by Kalidasa, translated and edited. Ernst Heinrich Meier, Stuttgart 1852 ( digitized )

All three dramas Kalidasa contains the English translation:

  • Theatre of Memory: The Plays of Kalidasa. Übers v. Barbara Stoller Miller, Edwin Gerow, David Gitomer. Columbia University Press, 1984 (UNESCO Collection of Representative Works: European ). ISBN 0-231-05838-1

Sakuntala and the poems Meghaduta and Ritusamhara found in:

  • Kalidasa: The Loom of Time. A Selection of His Plays and Poems. Penguin, 2006. ISBN 0-14-045521-3
Amaru Shataka Bhartṛhari Sanskrit literature Meghadūta William Jones (philologist) Friedrich Schiller Integrated Authority File
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