Karawanks

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The Karawanken (Slovenian: Karavanke ) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps. Along the main ridge runs since 1919/20, the border between the Austrian state of Carinthia and Slovenian Carniola ( Upper Carniola). The highest peak is the high chair (Slovene: Veliki Stol ) with 2238 m.

Scenic nature

The mountain range, the eastern continuation of the Carnic Alps, has a length of about 120 km and a width of 20 to 40 km. The northern boundary is the Rose Valley with the river Drava. In the south the Karawanken are limited by the upper Savetal, in the eastern part close to the south the Steiner Alps on. To the east of Pohorje Mountain joins. The mountain range begins in the west at the border crossing Thoerl - Maglern and leads over the Wurzenpass ( 1071 m) for lunch Kogel ( 2145 m). In the wider area from the Barental the Karawanken divided into two combs that reunite after iron Kappel in the field of Peca. The northern chain - the Karawanken Foothills, among others, Singer mountain ( 1589 m) and Ferlacher Horn ( 1840 m ) - is forested, with the exception of Hochobir ( 2139 m). At the southern chain that breaks consistently steep on the Austrian side, include, among others High chair ( 2238 m), Vertatscha ( 2180m ) and Koschuta ( 2136 m).

South Side - The high chair - the highest peak of the massif

East side - look at the Peca from the Lavant Valley

Karawanken Foothills ( Peca, Hochobir, Black Gupf ) and Drau Valley of the Sattnitz from

View from the north of the Karawanken

History

The term Karawanken is delivered already in ancient sources. Claudius Ptolemy refers to the border mountains between Italy and Noricum 150 AD as Karwankas. The name is probably derived from the Celtic karv for deer. To date, this sense of the word, on behalf of the Koschuta ( Slow Košuta ), the doe was obtained. The Karawanken have always been a political border mountains, the south and the north part traditionally the Slovenian language area, albeit in different dialectal form a part. Another early document as a political border is the area division in the Frankish Empire, where the southern part of the Mark Friuli and the northern Ostmark was assigned. Since the High Middle Ages, the Karawanken limit against Krain / SHS / Yugoslavia / Slovenia has not changed except for a brief exception in the 19th century and the demarcation after the First World War. The lying on the southern side Zealand / Jerzersko came in 1919 without referendum to the SHS State. 1926 were placed at a distance of 50 and 100 m of a bilateral commission landmarks, with on the Austrian side a " Oe " is engraved. The "Yu " on the Slovenian side defaced from 1991.

When looking at Austrian and Slovenian Tourist maps often falls on a strong reciprocal collection of topographical names. In Austrian card works can be found since the last third of the 19th century only artificially introduced German name. The topographic Germanization was later mainly from the guide -author Ludwig Jahne and the historian Martin Wutte forced, which was similar approach as in South Tyrol, where Ettore Tolomei italianisierte is the traditional South Tyrolean German name. Unsuccessful Eindeutschungsversuche in the Karawanken were battlement wall instead of Vertatscha / Rtača, Gaisberg instead Kosiak or deer wall instead Koschuta / Košuta. Successful one was the high chair, formerly ( Veliki ) Stol / Stou or the many Kogel- name, Frauenkogel before Baba, the Rosenkogel / Rozica and Kahl Kogel / Golica. Currently, are increasingly becoming cards with German -Slovenian double names.

Transitions and peak

That the Karawanken and Carnic Alps for more than 2,000 years form an almost rectilinear political border is in addition to their unity with few, mostly high-lying crossings in these climatic phenomena. They form the windward side of often strong autumn rainfall. Until recently, the passes were often closed by early snow for months. In the Karawanken 84 percent of the limit of a main watershed to follow.

Since ancient times, the Wurzenpass (19 % slope), the Loiblpass (24% ) and the Seebergsattel (12 %) are the three traditional transport routes. Until its expansion in the postwar period, they formed a challenge for motorists. In the present, the Karawankentunnel ( highway tunnel and railway tunnels ) are the three pass routes emerged as major border crossings.

Significant peaks are (from west to east) the triangle ( Pec ), the Mittagskoge ( Kepa ), high chair ( Veliki Stol ), the Koschutnikturm ( Košutnik ), the Hochobir ( Obir ) and Peca ( Peca ).

More Summit:

• Matschacher Gupf 1691 m
• Bärntaler Kotschna 1944 m
• Sinacher Gupf 1557 m
• Singer mountain 1589 m
• Kosiak 2024 m
• Vertatscha 2180m
• Loibler Baba 1969 m
• Ferlacher Horn 1840 m
• Sechter 1449 m
• Matzen 1627 m
• Freiberg 1923 m
• Black Gupf 1688 m
• Cow Mountain 2026 m
• Kleinobir 1948 m

As mountain huts Bertahütte, Klagenfurt hut, the Koschutahaus that Eisenkapplerhütte and the hut above the Arichwand be mentioned.