Karl Friedrich Burdach

Karl Friedrich Burdach ( born June 12, 1776 in Leipzig, † July 16, 1847 in Königsberg i Pr ) was a German physiologist and neuroanatomist. His autobiography is an important source for the history of science and medicine in the early 19th century.

Life

Burdach, son of the prematurely deceased Leipzig physician Daniel Christian Burdach, studied from 1793 to 1798 medicine and philosophy at the University of Leipzig. Then he heard a year with Johann Peter Frank in Vienna. He received his doctorate in 1799 and then worked as a general practitioner and medical writer. He treated predominantly poorer patients and was dependent on his royalties as an author and translator.

1807 Burdach associate professor at the University of Leipzig. In 1811 he was appointed Professor of Anatomy, Physiology and Forensic Medicine at the German University of Dorpat in tsarist Russia. In Dorpat Burdach was considered representative of the Romantic philosophy of nature. He was about the criticism by the academic orthodoxy and at the same time for the students interesting because that was considered "modern". To Burdach famous students at Dorpat include Karl Ernst von Baer, who was to discover in 1827 the human egg, and the embryologist and paleontologist Christian Heinrich Pander, 1817 described the pioneering cotyledon model for the first time.

1814 moved Burdach at the Albertus University of Königsberg. He established the Royal Institute of Anatomy founded in 1817. Baer, ​​his former student, was his prosector and directed in 1826 the institution. Burdach devoted himself almost exclusively to physiology. He protected the profiteroles, which began to break out of the general fraternity.

The influence of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling Burdach tried to walk a middle ground between empiricism and natural philosophy. An eternal, " ideational principle in the universe " creates every individual nature. The " scientific materialism ", he rejected as a " plump " from, was the romantic natural philosophers but when too much oriented to the empirical, but had to aspire to adopt the " perverse spirit of natural philosophy " in Königsberg at the same time to stand accused.

Burdach's wife died in 1838, after which he retired from academic life. The last years he worked on general, natural philosophical and psychological issues. His autobiography, he could not finish.

His son Ernst Burdach (1801-1876) was also a physician.

Achievements in physiology and anatomy

Burdach saw physiology as the most important of all sciences, because they deal with the life processes and principles, in particular the men employed. His six-volume magnum opus, The physiology as an empirical science (Leipzig 1826-1840 ) with over 3500 pages and well-known people, besides Karl Ernst von Baer and Christian Heinrich Pander Martin Heinrich Rathke, Johannes Peter Müller and Rudolf Wagner, the entire physiological knowledge of his time. A special emphasis was placed on embryonic development and biological processes.

His anatomical- morphological ideas developed Burdach in a keynote speech at the opening of the Anatomical Institute in Königsberg: About the role of morphology ( 1817). The anatomy should be both disinterested science and also serve the benefit of patients. Burdach was a " master of neuroanatomy ", his most important anatomical services are in the field of anatomy of the brain. His most important work is the three-volume From the Build and life of the brain ( Leipzig 1819-1826 ). With the exploration of the brain Burdach also sought Anatomical structures of the central nervous system that bear his name, are the Burdach nucleus and of Burdach strand.

Others

Burdach also included, in addition Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus and Jean -Baptiste de Lamarck to the first to use the term biology in a modern sense. He also played a role in the coinage of the term of morphology. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe used it for the first time in 1796, Burdach published it for the first time in 1800.

Burdach has been included in the covenant of freemasons in 1808. He was a member of the Lodge Minerva of the three palm trees in Leipzig and later the Lodge Three Crowns in Königsberg, the master of the chair he was 1834-1841.

Works

General medical and pharmaceutical journals and collective works

  • Propaedeutic to the study of the whole art of healing. Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1800 ( digitized and full text in German Text Archive )
  • Manual of the latest discoveries of remedies doctrine. Leipzig 1806
  • Dispensatorium for the Royal Saxon land or Philipp Jakob PIDERIT 's Pharmacia rationalis. Hinrichs, Leipzig 1807 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • Addendum to Dispensatorium for the Royal Saxon country. Hinrichs, Leipzig 1807 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • System of Arzneymittellehre. 3 volumes. Leipzig 1807-1809 (2nd edition 1817-1819 ) Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • System of Arzneymittellehre. 2nd edition. Leipzig. [Sn ], 1820 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • Manual of pathology. Leipzig 1808, 426 pp. (reprinted 2006)
  • The organism of human science and art. Leipzig 1809
  • The Physiology. Leipzig ( Weidmann ) 1810, 867 pp.
  • New Recepttaschenbuch for future physicians: or: Guidance on the Regulation of Arzeneymittel; explained in alphabetical order by Beyspiele. Leipzig:. Sommer, 1807 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • New Recepttaschenbuch for future physicians: or: Guidance on the Regulation of Arzneymittel; explained in alphabetical order by Beyspiele. 2, unveränd. Ed Leipzig. Sommer, 1811 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • The literature of medical science. 2 Volumes and Supplement. Gotha ( Perthes ) 1810/1811-1821
  • Encyclopedia of medicinal science. 3 volumes. Leipzig ( Mitzky ) 1810-1814 ( reprint 1817 to 1819 )
  • Resolution of a riddle from the vinegar. Dorpat ( Grenzius ) 1813 Digitized edition. University of Dorpat
  • Anatomical studies: based on science and art of healing. Hartmann, Leipzig 1814
  • Dissertatio de primis momentis formationis fetus. Königsberg 1814
  • (:) as the publisher Russian collection for science and art of healing. ( together with Alexander Crichton and Joseph Rehmann ). 2 vols. Riga, Leipzig ( Hartmann) 1816-1817
  • Observations on the mechanism of heart valves. In: Reports of the Royal Institute of Anatomy at Konigsberg No. 3, 1820
  • New Recepttaschenbuch for future physicians: or: Guidance on the Regulation of Arzneymittel; explained in alphabetical order by Beyspiele. - 2, unveränd. Ed -. Leipzig, 1820 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf
  • Views of electromagnetism. In: Reports of the Royal Institute of Anatomy at Konigsberg No. 5, 1822
  • The physiology as Erfahrungswisssenschaft. 6 volumes. Leipzig ( Voss ) from 1826 to 1840 (with contributions by Karl Ernst von Baer, ​​Heinrich Rathke, Christian Heinrich Pander, Johannes Müller and Rudolf Wagner) ( 2nd Edition 1835-1840 )
  • Manual of the latest in domestic and foreign literature of the entire science and medicine and surgery. Gotha ( Perthes ) 1828, 392 pp.
  • The era of human life. Leipzig ( Voss ) 1829, 58 pp. (Lecture )
  • Historical and statistical studies on the cholera epidemic of 1831. Königsberg 1832
  • Court Medical work. Stuttgart / Tübingen ( Cotta ) 1839, 283 pp. (only one band appeared )

Neuroanatomical writings

  • Contributions in writing, to approach knowledge of the brain. 2 parts. Leipzig ( Breitkopf & Härtel) 1806, 292 and 295 S.
  • Description of the lower end of the spinal cord. In: Reports of the Royal Institute of Anatomy at Konigsberg No. 1, 1818
  • From the Build and life of the brain. 3 volumes. Leipzig ( Dyk ) 1819 to 1826 ( Part 1: 1819 2: 1822 3: 1826)
  • Outlines a physiology of the nervous system. Leipzig ( Voss ) 1844, 76 pp.

Anthropological and autobiographical writings

  • Man on the different sides of his nature. Anthropology for the formed Publicum. Stuttgart ( Balz ) 1837, 787 pp. ( new editions 1847, 1854)
  • Insights into life. 4 volumes. Leipzig ( Voss ) 1842-1848
  • Comparative psychology. 2 vols. Leipzig ( Voss ) 1842 ( = looks to life vols 1-2)
  • Sense defects and mental power. Leipzig ( Voss ) 1844, 310 pp. ( = looks to life Vol. 3)
  • Looking back on my life. Autobiography. Leipzig ( Voss ) 1848, 603 pp. ( = looks into life. Vol. 4). zeno.org
Josef Kriehuber Heinz Christian Pander Germ layer Empirical research Martin Rathke Cuneate fasciculus Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Brunonian system of medicine Carl von Voit Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File
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