Karl Rawer

Karl Maria Alois Rawer ( born April 19, 1913 in Neunkirchen ( Saar) ) is a German physicist and researcher in the field of upper atmosphere and ionosphere. He developed in 1940 a method for predicting the propagation of short waves, with the aid of the German armed forces in World War II were able to set up their news links on shortwave satisfactory.

Life

Since 1925 member of the Catholic Confederation Neudeutschland, he practiced in the years 1931 to 1937 functions in the "Older Federation " and was from 1937 to 1939 Coordinator of the remaining student groups the federal government. After studying mathematics in Freiburg with Gustav Doetsch, then physics in Munich under Arnold Sommerfeld and doctoral supervisor Jonathan Zenneck he treated in his dissertation the partial reflection from an ionized layer using the complex gamma function.

John Plendl, inventor important navigation methods of the Air Force, commissioned him in 1940 to set up a counseling service for their radio communications on shortwave. The analytical method developed by him taken into account in detail the characteristics of the propagation on multiple zig -zag paths between earth and ionosphere and determined, depending on the time of day, for each of these paths the usable frequency range, and ( statistically ) the variation from day to day. The ( important ) changes in solar activity is predicted on the basis of a published method of the astronomer Wolfgang Gleißberg.

In the spring of 1946, Yves Rocard hired him with some of its German employees for comparable tasks in the French Navy, for which he ten years as scientific director of the ionospheric prediction service ( Service de Prevision Ionospherique - SPIM) headed responsible. SPIM built during this era several Lotungsstationen in Africa and a floating off the coast of Terre Adélie. 1954 was Rawers group involved with an experiment on the first rise of a scientific Véronique rocket the French army. Later, again in German service, they carried out further investigations of the upper atmosphere with such missiles in Hammaguir (Sahara ) and Kourou (French Guiana ) through, but then also in collaboration with the European Space Agency ESA. 1972 and 1975 with the path of the satellite Aeros Aeronomie the ionosphere is far examined, as on the one hand as a cause of the extreme ultraviolet radiation of the sun, on the other hand, the state quantities of the neutral and ionized gases were measured as a result. The results were for the supported jointly by the URSI and the Committee on Space Research ( COSPAR ) International Reference Ionosphere project (IRI) of importance, the Rawer led for nearly two decades.

Rawer was actively involved in the preparations for the International Geophysical Year ( Gold button 2007) and wrote with William Roy Piggott set the current instruction for the evaluation of standard measurements of the ionosphere. In COSPAR, the International Space Research Organisation and the URSI, he held various positions, including serving as Chairman of the Commission ionosphere of URSI from 1969 to 1972 and of the West German national COSPAR Committee 1969 until 1983.

Rawer was since August 28, 1939 married to Hans Hiens younger sister Waltraud ( 1919-2006 ). The marriage produced three sons and four daughters were born. He holds honorary doctorates from the University of Dusseldorf, corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the International Academy of Astronautics.

Since 1946 Rawer lives with his family in March, near Freiburg in Breisgau.

Writings

  • The ionosphere. Their significance for geophysics and radio traffic. Nordhoff, Groningen 1953.
  • Radio Observations of the Ionosphere ( with Kurt Suchy ). Springer, Berlin 1967. ( Encyclopedia of Physics Bd.49 / 2)
  • The universe, earth, man ( Karl Rahner ). Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1981, ISBN 3-451-19203-9. ( Christianity in modern society No.3)
  • Wave Propagation in the Ionosphere. Kluwer, Dordrecht 1993, ISBN 0-7923-0775-5.

Publisher

  • Quantitive Description of Ionospheric Storm Effects and Irregularities. Proceedings of the C4.2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission C Which was held falling on the thirty -first COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Birmingham, UK, 14-21 July 1996. Pergamon, Oxford et al 1997. ( Advances in space research, 20, 9 )
  • Low and Equatorial Latitudes in the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). Proceedings of the COSPAR International Scientific Symposium held in New Delhi, India, 9-13 January 1995. Elsevier Science, Oxford, ISBN 0-08-042673-5. ( Advances in Space Research; 18.6. )
  • Advances in Global Regional Descriptions of Ionospheric Parameters. Proceedings of URSI / COSPAR Symposium Held in Athens, Greece, 1-4 October, 1991. Pergamon Press, Oxford et al 1992. VI, ISBN 0-08-042188-1.
  • Ionospheric Informatics and Empirical Modelling: Proceedings. Pergamon Pr Come in, inter alia, Oxford 1990. ( Advances in space research, 10.8; COSPAR plenary meeting, 27 [ Teilausg. ] )
  • Study of Ionospheric and Tropospheric Models: Final Report ( with Dieter Bilitza; European Space Agency). o O. 1985. (ESA Report Reference, CR (P) 2157th )
  • Jakov Lvovich Alpert, Karl Rawer, including: Geophysics III. . Springer, Berlin, 1976 ( Encyclopedia of Physics, edited by S. Flügge, Volume 49 /5;. Geophysics 3/5.. )
  • Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Iconosphere Structure. " Proceedings of the Symposium [on Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Ionosphere Structure ] Held in Constance, FRG 23-26 May 1973. Acad -Verl., Berlin 1974.
  • 49.3. Encyclopedia of Physics. Berlin et al 1971, VII, ISBN 3-540-05570-3.
  • URSI Handbook on ionogram interpretation and reduction ( with William Roy Piggott ). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1961, pp. XI, 192 Translations by national URSI Committee into Chinese, French, Japanese, Russian.
  • Winds and Turbulence in Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Ionosphere. 1966 OCLC 164,467,074th
  • Detrimental Activities in Space. Report of the COSPAR Panel on Potentially Environmentally Detrimental Activities in Space. Pergamon Pr, Oxford 1982, VII, ISBN 0-08-029694-7. ( Advances in space research, 2,3. )

Biography

  • Karl Rawer: My kids orbiting the Earth. ( Autobiography ). Herder, Freiburg i. 1986, ISBN 3-451-08226-8.
  • Bodo W. Reinisch: Karl Rawer 's life and the history of IRI. In: Advances in Space Research. 34, 1845-1950, 2004.
  • Dieter Bilitza: 35 Years of International Reference Ionosphere - Karl Rawer 's legacy. Adv.Radio Sci.2, 203 2004 ( found in Google Docs)
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