Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer

Karl Wilhelm Ritter von Kupffer (born 2 Novemberjul / November 14 1829greg in Lesten, Kurland, .. † December 16, 1902 in Munich) was a Baltic German anatomist and professor. He was among the founders of embryology.

Life

Kupffer was the firstborn son of Pastor Karl Hermann Kupffer (1797-1860) and his wife Henriette nee Andreä († 1895). In 1869, he married Ida Lensahn ( 1831-1913 ), who bore him a son and a daughter.

Dorpat

After an elementary and humanistic private education by his parents and a tutor Kupffer was 1848 before a committee in Dorpat the matriculation examination and decided a year later at the university for the study of medicine, which he in 1854 with a successful exam and doctorate med completed. .

After a short practical activity as a country doctor in Kurland Kupffer took over in 1855 a position as Prosektorengehilfe at the physiologist Friedrich Heinrich Bidder at the anatomical institute of the University of Dorpat. With a doctoral thesis on the central nervous system, he received his doctorate in 1854 for Dr. med.

1856/57 he devoted himself in Vienna, Berlin and Göttingen physiology. Among his teachers were Emil Heinrich Du Bois- Reymond and Johannes Peter Müller. Then Kupffer was from 1858 to 1865 first in Dorpat prosector and associate professor. The plan to participate as a researcher at a North Pole expedition, fell through because of the German war.

Keel

Kupffer was at that time (1866 ) in Kiel and decided to Habilitation in histology. Here he discovered named after him stellate cells in the liver. His appointment as Full Professor of Histology and Anatomy in Kiel was 1867. 1872 /73 and 1873/74 he was rector of the Christian -Albrechts- University of Kiel.

Königsberg

From 1875 to 1880 Kupffer taught as professor the courses of anatomy, evolution and comparative anatomy at the Albertus University of Königsberg. 1879/80 and he was vice-rector of the Albertina. In Immanuel Kant's reburial at Königsberg Cathedral, he was able to examine the brain of the philosopher.

See also: Kant's grave

Munich

In 1880 he finally moved to the Ludwig -Maximilians- University of Munich. 1896/97 he was at LMU for the third time rector. In 1901 he became Professor Emeritus.

Importance

Kupffer worked primarily in the fields of histology and embryology. He showed for the first time that nerve- end in glandular cells. In addition, he worked with the epithelium and the glands of the stomach as well as the structure of the nerve fibers. In connection with the description of the cellular Feinbaues and the structuring of protoplasm he coined the term "Para plasma " to identify the passive cell contents. The medicine owes Kupffer also the first description of the histological hepatic stellate cells ( Kupffer cell or Browicz Kupffer cell). In further work on the fine structure of the liver tissue he had pre-existing cellular Sekretvakuolen after ( bile ) and showed a specific staining method ( Kupffer reagent) that bile capillaries found in liver tissue. Kupffer is also considered the founders of modern embryology and comparative history of development. The bubble -like extended primitive gut - end portion of bony fishes is called " Kupffer bubble" and he discovered sickle in avian embryos as " Kupffer sickle ".

Honors

Kupffer was inter alia go. Council and Member of the Royal. Bavarian Academy of Sciences ( 1881). He was awarded numerous medals and was a member of German, Russian and American societies.

He was ennobled in 1889 and raised as Karl Wilhelm Ritter von Kupffer in the Bavarian nobility staff.

Works

  • Studies on the texture of the spinal cord and the development of its form elements ( with Bidder ), Leipzig 1857
  • De embryogenesi apud chironomos observationes, Diss per venia legendi, Kiel 1866
  • Observations on the development of bony fishes, Arch Anat microscope 4 (1868) 209-272
  • The ratio of the glandular nerves to the gland cells, Arch microscope Anat 9 (1873) 387-395
  • About Differentiation of protoplasm in the cells of animal tissues, Schr d Naturwiss. Ver. f Schleswig -Holstein (1875) 229-242
  • About stellate cells of the liver, Arch microscope Anat 12 (1876) 353-358
  • Immanuel Kant's skull ( with F. Bessel -Hagen ), Königsberg 1880
  • About the demonstration of bile and specific fibers in the liver lobule by staining, Sitzungsber. d Ges f Morphol. and Physiol. 5 (1889 ) 82-86
  • About stellate cells of the liver, Anat Anz 14 (1898 ) ( Ergänzungsh. ) 80-86
  • About the so-called stellate cells of the mammalian liver, Arch Anat microscope development history 54 (1899) 254-288
Courland In home tutoring Friedrich Bidder Archenteron Neue Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File
466663
de