Kaykhusraw II
Kai Khosrau II (Arabic غيث الدين كيخسرو بن كيقبادا; Armenian Քայխոսրով Բ; Turkish I. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev, † 1246 in Antalya) was from 1237 to 1246 the sultan of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum during his reign had Kai Khosrau II with the fight Baba Isaac's uprising and the invasion of the Mongols.
His mother was the daughter of the Armenian Kyr Vart, who was a nobleman and a former opponent of Kai Kobad I. from Cilicia.
1228 Kai Khosrau II was sent along with the Atabeg Mübarizeddin Ertokuş by his father to Erzincan. Later, Kai Khosrau II took part in the conquest of Erzurum and Ahlat. When his father died Kai Kobad I. 1237, he had determined the younger brother Kılıç Arslan İzzeddin his successor. However, Kai Khosrau II could take the throne for himself with the help of several emirs. Kai Khosrau II had against the Khorezm Shah, who supported his brother fight. To secure his rule, he got rid of his competitors, some of whom had previously helped him to the throne.
After securing his rule, Kai Khosrau II set out to normalize the relationship with the other kingdoms and states. He renewed the Ayyubidenherrschern, the Byzantine emperors of Nicaea and the Ortoqiden the old contracts. In 1240 he was able to Diyarbakir incorporate his kingdom.
Between the years 1236 and 1237, the Mongol raids took until deep into Anatolia. They were supported by the Georgians. The Mongols were advancing to Sivas and Malatya. Kai Khosrow II embarked on a punitive expedition against the Georgian allies. In order to avoid a war, gave the Georgian Queen Tamar Rusudan her daughter Kai Khosrau II for his wife.
When the Mongols invaded in the 13th century in the Middle East, they cast out many nations before them. So as a result of this escape many new Turkmen tribes came to Anatolia. This endangered the state order. There were conflicts between immigrants and the Sultanate. So broke the Babai uprising caused by Baba Isaac, from. The uprising was put down in 1240. Nevertheless, the Sultanate was weakened. Thus the Mongols were able to wrest the Seljuks in 1242 Erzurum. Then Kai Khosrau II moved in 1243 with Christian Allies against the Mongols in the Battle of Köse Dağ. Kai Khosrau II lost the battle and had to flee to Western Anatolia. After a peace treaty with the Mongols, he returned to Konya. From then on he was represented by his vizier Şemseddin Isfahani. Kai Khosrau II was the last major Sultan of Rum He died in 1246 in Antalya.
Between 1240 and 1244 was Kai Khosrau II in Sivas and Konya characterize Dirhammünzen in his name. His coins bore as symbols of a lion and the sun. This was unique because Islam had the picture of living things forbidden in the aftermath of the Crusades. So wore coins from other Islamic countries at the time no living beings.
After an interpretation of the sun for Kai Khosrau II Georgian wife Tamar is - also called Hatun Gurcü - and the lion for Kai Khosrau II itself states Another opinion that the lion is the zodiac sign of the wife Tamar.