Kemenche

Kemençe hot two Turkish painted box -necked lutes, which differ in their design and musical use. Karadeniz kemençesi is a slim boat-shaped lute with a characteristic teardrop-shaped pegbox, which is played in the folk music of the eastern Turkish Black Sea coast. In Greece, the same three-stringed instrument as Pontic Lyra is known. The Fasıl used in classical Turkish music kemençesi, also armudi kemençe, has a pear-shaped body and is related to several European lutes such as the Cretan lyra and the Bulgarian gadulka.

The instrument name from keman ( " arc " ) that enable anyone in the Turkish European violin is called today. Keman or Persian Kaman is kamānča also on behalf of the Persian classical spike fiddle and contain the kabak - Kemane that is played in the Turkish folk music. Both are not related with the kemençe form.

Etymology

The word comes from the Old Persian kemençe kamānča. The root word kemen (Persian Kaman ) is called " arc ". - çe takes the place of the Persian Diminutivsuffixes CA and is in the Turkic languages ​​as - ce, ca and ça (depending on volume approximation ) a Wortbildungssuffix. It denotes the Kemençe property from Turkish literally translate as " arc-like " or " with a bow " (think to yourself "played" ). The property became a noun Kemençe, loosely translated as " with the bow Played ".

Variants

Similar, partly historical speech and writing styles from different languages

Origin and Distribution

The name of the table refer primarily instruments of three groups of string instruments:

• With the bow painted long-necked vessel spit sounds:

The oldest Persian name, kamānča, and most other names stand for instruments that have long necks and a small corpus of bronze, wood, coconut or pumpkin. This includes the Turkish kabak Kemane. These instruments correspond to the first, written in Arabic, often originating from Central Asia writers from the 11th century mentioned, painted with a bow Saiteninstumenten. The starting point for the development of these string instruments of kamānča - type, especially for the game with the bow, is in Ḫwarizm to search in Sogdian Transoxiana and Khorasan, ie, in the area of ​​today's eastern Iran, northern Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

• With the bow Painted short necked lutes:

Among them are described below Turkish karadeniz kemençesi and armudi kemençe or Fasıl kemençe. Similar instruments are the Pontic lyra in Greece and the Bulgarian gadulka.

• Modern instruments of European violin family:

Violin and Viola displace both in traditional art music as well as in the folk music of the countries concerned, for example, in Egypt, more and more the original painted with the bow short-necked and long- necked lutes and sometimes take over their traditional names.

Fasıl Kemençesi

The " Classic Kemençe " is actually armudi kemençe (Eng. " Pear Kemençe " ) or Fasıl kemençe ( Fasıl is an instrumental speech sequences, German literally means " section "). It is an instrument of Ottoman art music and has a length of 40-42 cm and a width of 14-15 cm. Your response body, which resembles a half pear, her neck and the elliptical spiral extension of the neck are carved from a single piece of hollowed wood. On the ceiling there are two large D-shaped sound holes, the edges of which are outside. There is a groove on the back of the instrument. The " Classic Kemençe " traditionally has three strings are usually tuned to d1, g1 and d2. Earlier tunes were played on the highest side, the other two strings are occasionally used for drones. Since this century is the " Classic Kemençe " built with four strings. A skilled player now mastered a range of about two octaves.

Playing the tail end piece is placed on one knee, the pegbox is usually leaning against the chest. The Fasıl kemençe can also be held between the knees. Your strings are 7-10 mm above the body and handle of the instrument. You are not depressed with his fingers on the fretboard, but affected with the fingernails.

Karadeniz Kemençesi

The " Black Sea Kemençe " with three steel strings is made by hollowing out and carving from one piece of wood. She has as many folk instruments no standard measure and not an immutable form. Nowadays, a length of 56 cm has prevailed in general. The resonant body, the edges of which is at right angles and whose back is flat, preferably made from the wood of the plum or juniper tree. The short, hardly Contrasting neck has a short grip surface, since the instrument is usually played in the first position. This allows the players to play karadeniz kemençesi standing or dancing, the instrument with the left hand is held in the air. Sits the player, he holds his instrument between his knees. The karadeniz kemençesi is often played to accompany dances and songs, but also for solo performance. In the eastern Black Sea region, it is considered comparable to the bagpipe tulum in the mountainous hinterland as the leading folk music instrument.

Known Kemençe players are Picoğlu Osman (1901-1946), Bahattin Çamurali (1931-1991), Katip Sadi (* 1932) and Birol Topaloğlu (* 1965).