Kermes (dye)

With Kermes three different colors ( carmine red ), respectively.

Animal Kermes

Animal pokeweed or grains, berries scarlet, purple grains, Alkermes, (lat. Grana kermes, French Grains d' écarlate, Eng. Scarlet berries ) are made from the dried pregnant females of some scale insects ( Kermesschildläuse, eg, coccus or kermes ilicis vermilio or Polish Kermeslaus Porphyrophora polonica or Armenian Kermeslaus Porphyrophora Hameli ) who live on the branches of Southern Europe and the Orient frequently growing, shrub -like scarlet oak ( Quercus coccinea) and Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera ). The female forms after fertilization much red dye Carmine (contained eg in Cochenilleschildläusen ) and a large amount of eggs that it swells spherical. In this condition, the animals are collected, killed by spraying with vinegar and dried in air. Here, smooth or slightly wrinkled, dark brown, sometimes even violet, currants like grains form. Animal pokeweed still serve in the Orient as a coloring material.

Herbal pokeweed

Herbal pokeweed consist of the fruits one by southern Europe transplanted from Virginia and there overgrown, in Austria and Germany spread by birds, perennial herbaceous plant of the American pokeweed. They were formerly used for dyeing red wine, because of the strong laxative effect but this was prohibited.

Mineral Kermes

Kermes mineral or Kartäuserpulver is sometimes still used medically antimony preparation which arises by boiling black antimony sulphide with potash solution. Cooking of the filtered solution of Kermes precipitates as a fine, light, reddish brown powder consisting of antimony sulphide, and antimony oxide in varying proportions.

  • Dye
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