KGB

The KGB ( Комитет государственной безопасности? / I ) was the Soviet domestic and foreign intelligence which existed from 1954 to 1991.

The full name of the KGB was Комитет государственной безопасности при Совете Министров СССР or Komitet gossudarstwennoi besopasnosti pri Sowjete Ministrow SSSR, on German State Security Committee of Ministers of the USSR (1954-1978) and KGB SSSR ( USSR KGB, 1978-1991 ). The secret of Belarus continues to bear the name KGB.

History

In March 1946, all ethnic commissioners were renamed ministries, including the NKVD imputed People's Commissariat for State Security ( NKVD ) which is now the Ministry of State Security ( Ministerstwo gossudarstwennoj besopasnosti, MGB ) was and is the predecessor of the KGB.

The KGB was created in 1954 as a separate ministry from departments of the Federal Security Service of the Ministry of Interior MWD. Its headquarters was located in Moscow's Lubyanka. After the attempted coup of August 1991, at which the then KGB chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov was instrumental in General, General Vadim Viktorovich Bakatin got the order to dissolve the authority. On 6 November 1991, the organization ceased to exist. His responsibilities were in Russia, among others, of the newly founded FSB ( Федеральная служба безопасности ) ( Federal Security Service ) and the foreign intelligence service SWR ( Служба внешней разведки ) taken.

Order

The main tasks of the KGB were the foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, control of regime opponents inside the Soviet Union and the Security and monitoring by members of the party and state leaders.

More than other intelligence agencies, the KGB relied on human resources (Human Intelligence), ie obtained by their own agent or liaison findings, whereas the Western counterpart of the KGB familiar also strong on -screen, electronic and communications intelligence ( Signals Intelligence ).

Organization

The KGB was subdivided into major administrations and administrations. The most important were:

Was responsible for collecting secret information abroad. You all were under KGB residencies at the Soviet embassies abroad as well as the espionage networks. After the dissolution of the KGB was umformiert to a further and separate next to the FSB successor organization to the KGB, the SWR ( foreign intelligence service).

Was responsible for counterintelligence and in this context for the monitoring of foreign tourists and diplomats in the Soviet Union. Prior to the founding of the Fifth headquarters partially fulfilled their tasks.

Dealt with Military counterintelligence and surveillance in the Soviet armed forces, including the military intelligence service GRU, which was subordinate to the General Staff and was self-employed. Nevertheless, the KGB also had employees in the armed forces, who worked in uniformed military service units according to their task, but the KGB were subordinate and not the military leadership ( traditional name " Special Department ").

Did not exist from the beginning, but was founded as a response to increasing ideological problems and took over the tasks of controlling the population, especially the non-Russian minorities in the Soviet Union, the Church and the intelligentsia with the objective of combating dissidents.

Was entrusted with the economic espionage and industrial safety, including the control and supervision of persons who work in the economy.

Was responsible for observations and developed appropriate technical surveillance equipment.

Was responsible for the communications traffic. She was responsible for cryptography in all major governments, especially in connection with the essence of the First KGB residencies headquarters abroad, and developed telecommunications equipment.

Put the protection of persons and the employees for high-ranking officials and their families.

Was responsible for the border troops of the USSR since 1957.

Chairman of the KGB

  • Ivan Aleksandrovich Serov, March 13, 1954-8. December 1958
  • Alexander Nikolayevich Shelepin, December 25, 1958-13. November 1961
  • Vladimir Efimovich Semitschastny 13 November, 1961-18. May 1967
  • Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, May 18, 1967-26. May 1982
  • Vitaly Vasilyevich Fedortschuk, May 26, 1982-17. December 1982
  • Viktor Mikhailovich Chebrikov, December 17, 1982-1. October 1988
  • Vladimir Alexandrovich Kryuchkov 1 October 1988-22. August 1991
  • Leonid Vladimirovich Schebarschin, August 22, 1991
  • Vadim Viktorovich Bakatin, August 23, 1991-6. November 1991

Insignia

Komsomol KGB

Actual and alleged KGB agent

  • Alger Hiss is suspected of having spied for the KGB, which was, however, never proved to the last detail.
  • Robert Hanssen supplied the KGB from his position at the FBI with information about the U.S. counterintelligence.
  • Aldrich Ames was a KGB mole in the CIA.
  • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were executed in the United States because they were assumed despite its rhetoric, passing information about the U.S. nuclear program, the Manhattan Project to the KGB.
  • George Blake
  • The so-called Cambridge Five (eg, Kim Philby ) were among the most important and successful double agent during the Second World War
  • Ahmad Mogharebi, Iranian general and Soviet spy. Was executed on 25 December 1977 after he was unmasked by SAVAK agents of the Iranian secret service. Ahmad Mogharebi had worked until his unmasking more than 30 years for the KGB.

James Jesus Angleton, head of CIA counterintelligence, lived in constant fear that the KGB " moles" could install to two key positions: In our own department and their counterparts at the FBI. With two agents, it would be the KGB been able to gain control or knowledge of actions against its own spies and to protect thus. In addition, the counter-espionage had the task of foreign intelligence sources dry up, and moles at these positions would have become focal points for double agent. After the unmasking of Ames and Hanssen Angleton's fears suddenly appeared well founded after he was previously held for slightly paranoid.

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