Khakas people

Khakassians ( Circassian Тадар / Tadar, Тадарлар / Tadarlar; Russian Хакасы / Chakasy ) are an ethnic minority in Russia. There they live in the Republic of Khakassia named after them, which is located in southern Siberia. The Khakassians are the descendants of Nenets, ketene and Mongols, who were only partially Turkish Siert between the 17th and 19th centuries. Because of their language they are today attributed to the Turkic peoples.

Ethnic groups and older designations

The Khakassians around 75 622 people are counted according to the census of 2002 and the majority of them ( 65,421 ) living in the Republic named after them. But there they make with only a 11.98% minority dar.

1923 by the Soviet administrative authorities in the course of so-called " nationalization of the Russian peoples ," the " its own republic and each republic their own language! Each people" was carried out under the motto that and five tribes of Biltir, Sagaj, Qatscha, Xojbal Xyzyl for "Nation of Khakassians " summarized. These strains are linguistically and culturally closely related, so this summary appears justified.

Mature Russian names in the period between the 17th and 19th centuries were also Минусинские татары / Minussinskie Tatary or Абаканские татары / Abakanskie Tatary and татары as Áчинские / Atschinskie Tatary. This " Tatars " were named so after the Russian administration cities like Minusinsk or Abakan, in the environment they lived. Sometimes the Khakassians were called because of their belonging to the Turkic dialects as " Jenissejtürken ". They are often regarded as descendants of the former " Yenisei Kirghiz ", but this is a controversial association.

Traditional economic

The traditional economy of the Khakassians were marked both by nomadic animal husbandry and on the other hand also by agriculture, hunting and fishing.

Before the Russian subjugation of these peoples by Cossack organizations of the Tsar, the so-called " vorrussische time," the Biltir example, were dedicated to the metalwork. ( See also: Tschulymer, Kamassiner and Shors )

History

Göktürkenzeit and belonging to the realm of Uyghur

In the time between the 6th and 13th centuries, the area of ​​today Khakassia formed a major center of the Yenisei Kirghiz. There, these appear as vassals of the Turk. In the 8th century, these territories belonged to the realm of Uyghur, which replaced the door now called the " Göktürks ". But not to -the domination of the Uyghur long.

Time during the membership of the Kyrgyz Empire until the Mongol conquest

Already in the 9th century, the Yenisei Kirghiz triggered by the Uighur domination and subjected turn the kingdom of the Uyghur. In the course of this, the Kyrgyz spread out to the east, where settled parts of them on the river Kerulen (Mongolia). There are remains of them are still in the 13th century can be detected as nomads.

In the years 1207 and 1208 four remaining on the Yenisei Kirghiz khans subordinated to their tribes voluntarily surrendered to the Mongol prince Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan. So they came to a bloody conquest before and the Dschingiskhaniden later married a well in the various families. So Khakassia formed a part of the White Horde.

Time under different Mongolenkhanaten and the conquest by the Oirat

After the end of the Mongol Empire (from 1368 ) Khakassia belonged alternately to various Mongol khanates that were now on their own. After they belonged to the White Horde Khakassians were subjected in the 15th century by the Chagatai Khanate, so that its sphere of influence expanded to the north. Along with this were the Khakassians in the 16th century to the short-lived tribal federation of Mongol Oirat.

Time under Kazakh sovereignty and the later Russian rule

From the 17th century it came under the loose suzerainty of the Kazakhs. But in this century, it was also the first clashes with Russian Cossack associations that began to build fortifications in the area of ​​today's Khakassia. They were followed by the first Russian settlers and traders.

In the 19th century the region was incorporated into the Russian Empire and to the Minusinsk mines emerged since the 1820s, an industrial center. Parts of the locals took over in the 19th century, elements of Russian life and were converted to Orthodox Christianity. During the revolution in Russia in 1905 an autonomy movement was born.

Under the Soviet rule until today

After the victory of Soviet power came in 1923 to establish a national okrugs of Khakassians, who received in 1930 the status of an autonomous oblast.

1992 declared the Khakassians their independence and called in the context of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Khakassia. This took the place of the "Autonomous Khakassia region."

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