Khalaj language (Turkic)
Spoken in
- Altaic languages Turkic languages Arghu Khalaj
-
Does ( other Altaic languages)
Klj
The chaladschische language, also known as Khalaj or referred Khalaj (pers. زبان خلجی; own names or Qalayce Xələc dili ) is a spoken in Iran of about 40,000 people Turkic language. It forms the Arghu branch of this language family.
- 3.1 morphology 3.1.1 Nouns
- 3.1.2 verbs
Classification and distribution
Many of the approximately 40,000 speakers use the Persian as a second language. The Chaladschische is written in the Arabic- Persian script.
Of the remaining " common Turkish " languages, the Khalaj differs from most. It is - according to the now widely accepted view Gerhard Doerfers - the only still existent representative of the branch of the Turkic languages Arghu, which was also isolated early and then in the course of the 13th century occurs in the central Iranian province - surrounded by speakers of Persian. ( So it is not closely related with Azerbaijan, as it was classified in Ethnologue 2005. Nowadays, this error is corrected there.)
Today Khalaj is spoken by about 42,000 people in the Iranian province of Qom and Markazi and is according to linguistic point of view one of the most interesting Turkic in Iran. The early isolation from other Turkic languages , and the strong influence of the Persian one hand have received archaic features (such as a vowel system with three quantities of short - medium - long, unconsummated shift of / d / to / j /, as well as maintaining the initial sound / h / and altturkischen Dativsuffixes / -ka /: chalad häv.kä - türk ev.e - even out " the house" ), on the other hand to spread Iranismen in phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon (some number words ). .
According to system
Consonants
Vowels
Due to its early isolation (see above) the Chaladschische has kept its archaism of the three vowel quantities. Vowels can be used in long ( ( / qa ː n / "blood" ) ), half-length ( / ba ˑ ʃ / "head" ) and short ( / has / "horse" ) length occur. Furthermore, some vowels realized as falling diphthongs, as in / quo̯l / " arm sleeves ".
Grammar
Morphology
Nouns
The Chaladschische knows seven cases and, similar to other Turkic languages , additional affixes, the plural or possession Show. To illustrate this, the basic case endings are listed below:
The different appearance of the suffix is related to the chaladschischen vowel harmony and the preceding consonants in context.
Verbs
Chaladschische verbs as nouns, flex benefits by means of suffixes to indicate diathesis, negation, tense and aspect (linguistics ), the morphemes of the following order to pursue:
Syntax
The chaladschische language uses the so-called subject-object -verb position.
Vocabulary
The core lexicon of Chaladschischen is of Turkic origin, but due to the remoteness of the other Turkic languages, and certainly not least because many of the speakers speak Persian as a second language can be many Persian loanwords found in this language. An example would be the number words for 80 and 90, which are included in turkischstämmiger and as Persian loanwords in the vocabulary:
Also, the Azerbaijani has left its traces in the vocabulary.