Khalil Mutran
Khalil Mutran ( خليل مطران, DMG Halil MATRAN, the spellings Mutran, Matran, Motran and Moutran are common ) (* 1870-1872 in Baalbek in the former Ottoman Empire and present-day Lebanon, † June 1, 1949 in Cairo ) was an Arab poet, translator, and journalist who as a poet of two countries ( شاعر القطرين ) (namely, Egypt and Syria ), especially in the Arab region is known.
Life
Khalil Mutran was born in Baalbek in Lebanon today as a son of Yusuf Abdu Mutran and Malaka Sabbaq. Baalbek belonged until 1920 to the Ottoman Empire. The date of birth is according to Gérard Lecomte and Ameur Ghedira 1870-1872, some sources indicate the July 1, 1871 or 1872. The Pasha of Baalbek, Nakhle Moutran was Khalil Mutrans cousin. His mother came from a Palestinian family whose ancestors were involved in the successful defense of their city against Napoleon Bonaparte.
Khalil Mutran visited as a Christian, the Greek-Catholic school in Beirut where he learned Arabic and French. In 1890 he went to France. Although he had originally planned to emigrate to Chile, he settled down in 1892 in Egypt and began working as a journalist for the newspaper Al -Ahram. In addition, published fer article in Al - Mu'yyad and Al- Liwa. In 1900 he founded the bi-weekly magazine Al- Majalla al - misriyya ( "Egyptian magazine" ). In this journal he published some of his own works as well as of Mahmoud Sami el- Baroudi. In 1903 he founded the newspaper Al- Jawaib al - misriyya ( "Egyptian borders " ) and supported the nationalism of Mustafa Kamil. Together with Hafez Ibrahim He translated a French book on economic policy. He also translated several plays by William Shakespeare, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Victor Hugo and Paul Bourget into Arabic.
Later he worked as a secretary in the Agricultural Association and in 1920 participated in the founding of the Egyptian Central Bank. In 1924 he undertook a journey through Syria and Palestine, after which he declared himself as a poet of the Arab countries ( شاعر الأقطار العربية ). After the death of Ahmed Shawqi 1932 he became chairman of the Apollo Literature Association a until his death. In 1935, he became director of the Al- Firqa al - Qawmiyya, the troops of the Egyptian National Theatre. He died in 1949 after a long illness in Cairo.
Work
While still alive, appeared an anthology of poetry Mutrans, Diwan- al - Khalil ( ديوان الخلىل ), in four volumes, which is considered his major work. The first volume was published in 1908, the total final version in 1949. Albert Hourani wrote that " traditional forms and language to be used to accurately reproduce the reality, those of the outside world and those of the feelings of the poet " in Matrans poems. Mutran an innovator of Arabic literature, joined the traditional with the modern forms and contents. Mutran also wrote a two-volume history of the world.
A considerable part of the poems was first published in the Arabic daily press. Mutran treated contemporary political issues and the national aspirations of the then Egypt. The poetry is pervaded by a longing for the home town of Baalbek and its surroundings, but also of the love of women and nature. The fact that Mutran wrote time-based, modern poems, distinguishes him about by his fellow poet Ahmed Shawqi ( 1868-1932 ). He walked rhythms and metrical feet free in his poems, but kept no longer on the metrical rules of traditional Arabic literature. Influenced by the French and English literature, he used particularly in the descriptions of nature love poems and complex metaphors.