Khalwati order

The Halveti - Tariqa (Arabic: Chalwati or Khalvati ) is an Islamic Sufi order. It was founded by Pir Umar Halveti (Abu Abdallah Ibn Umar Siradschuddin Akmaluddin al - Lahdschi al - Chalwati; † H/1347 748 AD). From Umar Halveti the spiritual chain ( Silsila Arabic ) Ibrahim Zahid Gaylani, Suhrawardi, Junayd Baghdadi, Hasan al - Basri and ʿ Alī ibn Abī Taalib can be traced back to the Prophet Mohammed. The Order was founded in Herat in today's Afghanistan.

The term Halvet (Arabic Chalwat ) is used by Sufis in relation to " retreat into prayer " and " worship ". The shape Halveti means someone who practices Halvet.

Foundation

Even during the time of Sheikh Sayyid Yahya Schirvani († 1457/58 in Baku ), the direct successor Pir Umar Halvetis, the number of dervishes grew considerably. Yahya Shirvanis deputy spread the Tariqa then the entire Muslim world, especially in Anatolia and the Balkans, they experienced a strong inflow.

By the time created four major branches:

  • The Dschamalis, founded by Jamal Chalwati († 899 H/1493 AD ), also known under the name " Chelebi Khalifa ".
  • Ahmadis, founded by Ahmad Shamsuddin Marmaravi († 910 H/1504 AD).
  • The Ruschanis, founded by Dede Umar Ruschani († 892 AD H/1486-1487 in Tabriz ).
  • The Sivasis (or Schamsis ), founded by Ahmad Schamsuddin Sivasi († 1006 AD H/1597-1598 in Sivas ).

Development

Within the four directions, there were numerous other spin-offs, at the end of the 19th century was the Halveti - Tariqa from about 50 different fraternities, each held as part of the Halveti - Tariqa or for independent religious single by different views. In their basic beliefs and dhikr ceremonies they correspond. The Halveti - Tariqa are also a number of significant Ottomans, including 15 sultans, as well as the historian Ahmed Cevdet Pasha dating from the 19th century († 1825). This does not mean that this is a tariqa the educated elite. Rather, comes a lot of that dervishes from every conceivable social strata. According to a study from the 19th century, there were in Istanbul at that time 89 Halveti - tekkes, compared with 22 Naqshbandi, Mevlevi five - and three - Shadhili tekkes.

In the European part of the Ottoman Empire, the Halveti Dervishes were represented in all provinces with strong Muslim population. So they talked tekkes in Sarajevo, Skopje and in the Albanian Berat.

Situation today

In today's Turkey still Halveti three branches, despite the official ban by the country's founder Kemal Ataturk in 1925, to entertain Dervish centers, active: the Schabanis that Dscherrahis and Uschschakis. The number of dervishes of these three groups is greater than that of any other tariqa at the beginning of the 21st century. In Kastamonu is worshiped in a Türbe on the grounds of Halveti - Tekke the 1568/69 deceased Pir Şeyh Şaban -i Veli.

The Halveti - Tariqa is also the largest active today Sufi brotherhoods in the Balkans ( eg Hayati - Halveti in Macedonia ).

Dede (religious figure)
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