Khana Ratsadon

The People's Party ( Thai: คณะ ราษฎร, RTGS: Khana Ratsadon, pronunciation: [ k ʰ ánáʔ râ ː tsàdɔ ː n]; English People's Party ), and conveyor ( ผู้ ก่อการ ) called, a group of military, intellectuals and civil servants had in Thailand (then Siam), the entered against absolutism and for a constitutional monarchy. Unlike the name suggests, it was more of an elite circle, as one rooted in the people's movement. In 1932 she took a non-violent coup ( "Siamese Revolution"), which brought the country's transition from absolute to constitutional monarchy. Soon after, the People's Party was divided into several rival factions and groups. Its members dominated the political life of the country until the 1950s. It produced six prime ministers.

Foundation

The People's Party was in Paris, Rue du Somme margin of seven cadets and students founded in February 1927 with the aim of implementing policy changes in Siam. They worked to during a five-day session a clear and coherent plan to 1912 not to repeat the mistake of the failed coup. This group included:

  • Prayoon Pamornmontri ( Thai: ร.ท. ประยูร ภมร มนตรี ) ( army officer, previously in the Guard of King Vajiravudh )
  • Plaek Khittasangkha (later Luang Phibulsonggram ) ( Thai: ร.ท. แปลก ขี ต ตะ สั ง คะ ) ( artillery officer, a student at the French artillery school at Fontainebleau )
  • Thatsanai Mitphakdi ( Thai: ร.ต. ทัศ นัย มิตร ภักดี ) ( army officer and a student at the French Cavalry School )
  • Tua Lophanukrom ( Thai: นาย ตั้ ว ล พา นุ กรม ) ( Student in Switzerland)
  • Siriratchamaitri Luang ( Thai: หลวง สิริ ราช ไมตรี ) ( diplomat and officer at the Thai Embassy in Paris)
  • NAEP Phahonyothin ( Thai: นาย แนบ พหลโยธิน ) ( Student in England)
  • Pridi Phanomyong ( Thai: นาย ปรีดี พนม ยง ค์ ) ( a law student at the Institut d' études politiques de Paris)

Pridi was president of the group.

Planning of the coup d'état of 1932

The plan was based on the realization that the rural population of Siam either too uneducated or against political issues was too uninterested to prepare a revolution or a mass uprising. The well-being of the middle class in Bangkok in turn depended mainly on the patronage of the nobility and the royal family. Thus, a change in the political situation in the country was only possible through a military coup for the group.

Several members of the group returned to the end of the 1920s to Siam and participated in secret contacts with like-minded people. Pridi became a teacher at Chulalongkorn University, where he received the support of about 50 civilians and officials. Phibunsongkhram army personnel gathered around. The end of 1931 it had 102 members in the party, where there were two wings: one military and one civilian. The military wing was further divided into three sub-areas: ( 1) the high officers, (2) the young officers, and (3 ) the Navy.

The four wings or fractions were led by four men:

  • Pridi Phanomyong for the civilian wing,
  • Luang Sinthusongkhramchai for the Navy,
  • Major Phibulsonggram for the young officers,
  • Phot Phahonyothin for senior officers.

The Six Principles

For the future of the country were persecuted six goals, later called the six principles ( หลัก 6 ประการ ของ คณะ ราษฎร ). They were:

The end

The coup in Siam in 1932 and 1933 had succeeded to the country transformed from an absolute monarchy into a one-party state. The People's Party itself was short-lived, too many fractions of different directions were united in her. Nevertheless, coming from the People's Party even after its dissolution in the subsequent 20 years, 6 Prime Minister.

Members of the People's Party ( Khana Ratsadon )

According Prayun Phamonmontri, were among the sponsors 34 army officers, 19 of the Marine and 45 civilians.

Military wing

Senior officers

The founders of the People's Party won four senior officers of the army for their cause. These were called the "Four Musketeers" ( ทหาร เสือ, Thahan Suea literally means " tiger soldiers " ) are known.

  • Colonel Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena ( Phot Phahonyothin ), leader of the military faction and leader of Khana Ratsadon
  • Colonel Phraya Songsuradet ( Thep Phanthumsen )
  • Colonel Phraya Ritthi - akhane ( Sala Emasiri )
  • Lieutenant Colonel Phra Prasanphitthayayut (Wan Chuthin )

Young officers

The group of young army officers belonged to four majors, along with a number of captains and lieutenants, including:

  • Major Luang Phibunsongkhram ( Plaek Khittasangkha )
  • Major Luang Sarityutthasin ( Phian Phiriyayothin )
  • Major Luang Amnuaisongkhram ( Thom Kesakomon )
  • Major Luang Wichakkonlayut ( Sian Susin )
  • Captain Luang Katsongkhram ( Thian Kengradomying )
  • Captain Luang Kriangsakphichit ( Khuan Chittakhun )
  • Captain Luang Thatsanainiyomsuek ( Thatsanai Mittraphakdi )
  • Captain Luang Seriroengrit ( Charun Rattanakun )
  • Captain Luang Adundetcharat (Bat Phuengphrakhun )

Marine

The most well-known representative of the People's Party in the Navy were:

  • Lieutenant Commander Luang Sinthusongkhramchai (Sin Kamalanavin ), leader of the Marine Group
  • Lieutenant Commander Luang Suphachalasai ( Bung Supphachalasai )
  • Lieutenant Luang Thamrongnawasawat ( Thawan Tharisawat )

Civil wing

The civilian wing included, among others, to:

  • Luang Praditmanutham ( Pridi Phanomyong ), leader of the civilian faction and deputy leader of Khana Ratsadon
  • Luang Sirirajmaitree ( Charun Singhaseni )
  • Luang Naruebetmanit ( Sa - Nguan Chuthatemi )
  • Luang Kowit - aphaiwong ( Khuang Aphaiwong )
  • Tua Laphanukrom
  • Tawee Boonyaket
  • Lieutenant Prayun Phamonmontri
  • Charun Suepsaeng
  • NAEP Phahonyothin
  • Wilat Osathanon
  • Director Jayanama
  • Chaliao Pathummarot
  • Chaeng Muttafa
  • Wanit Pananon
474599
de