Khilafat Movement

When Khilafatbewegung be translated many Indian Muslims, outraged at the treatment of the Turkish Caliph by the Allies in 1919 and British support for Mustafa Kemal ( later known as Atatürk ), for the Ottoman sultan.

Since the reign of the Great Moguls in India, which had been terminated by the British in 1761, the Indian Muslims revered the Turkish Caliph, as they never lived under Islamic rule. In support of the Caliph, they founded the Khilafat movement.

Mahatma Gandhi was impressed by the sacrifices of the Muslims and saw an excellent opportunity for Muslims and Hindus to reconcile with each other and to fraternize, though the Hindus were the pan-Islamic sentiments of their fellow citizens for the little morally worthy Ottoman Caliph in their majority indifferent. He recognized it as a genuine religious needs of the Muslims.

After the Amritsar Massacre 1919, the Indian National Congress held in Amritsar from one party meeting at which a large number of key Indian politicians, like Gandhi, Motilal Nehru, Ali Jinnah, Hazrat Mohani, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Chittaranjan Das and Madan Mohan Malaviya took part. Shaken by the news of the massacre advised the participants as they should on the half-hearted in their view, reform intentions of the British ( Montagu -Chelmsford reforms) react. Not least because of the massacre, was debated for a boycott of British goods. In advance of the meeting Gandhi had learned that there were Muslim voices demanded the support for the Khilafat campaign and in return, were willing to offer the required by the Hindus waiver of the slaughter of cattle. Asked him disturbed the prospect of political " horse trading ", which he felt was dishonorable. At this conference, Gandhi first time designed by the campaign of non-cooperation.

Ali Jinnah, the secular representative of the Muslim League, criticized Gandhi's support for the campaign to preserve the Caliphate 1919/1920, which Jinnah conceived as a support of a religious zealotry.

Background

The Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II attempted to develop a comprehensive pan-Islamic propaganda. His successor Mehmed V called 1914, the Muslims in the colonies of the Allies to jihad on. This call had virtually no military consequences.

At the end of the First World War, the Allies dictated in August 1920 the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI. the Treaty of Sèvres in which the Ottoman Empire its Arab territories ( Arabian Peninsula, Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine) finally lost, should lose Armenian territories, Cilicia and Eastern Thrace, suffered Greek, Italian and French crews and Kurdish autonomy, the Straits Bosporus internationalized and Dardanelles and the privileges of the European offices should be restored in Istanbul. The Sultan accepted, to save his throne, which Mustafa Kemal and the Young Turks not to accept were ready. Then managed to Mustafa Kemal and directed by him National Assembly in Ankara in 1924 by the Sultanate of the Ottoman Caliphate and from which only minor importance in the Ottoman Empire possessed, a process which was discussed by intellectuals in the Muslim world for a long time.

Follow

It is controversial how far Gandhi's support for the Khilafat campaign was smart, because she gave the subsequent demand for Muslim separatism may buoyancy. With the abolition of the Caliphate by the newly founded Turkish Republic in 1924 the caliphate campaign became obsolete. With the Caliphate campaign, the Muslim League was temporarily displaced from the political foreground.

460840
de