Kildin Sami language

Spoken in

  • Uralic Finno - Ugric Finn opera mixed Volga Finnish Finnosamisch Sami East Sami peninsula Kildinsamisch

-

Smi ( other Sami )

Sjd

The kildinsamische language (self- designation Кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл ( Kiillt saam ' kiill ) ) is a language of the eastern group of the Sami languages ​​and thus belongs to the Finno -Ugric language family. It is spoken by about 500 seeds on the Kola Peninsula in northwest Russia.

Dissemination

Kildinsamisch, is spoken by about 500 people in the central parts of the Kola Peninsula, in particular the area of Lovozero. His name has the language to the island Kildin north-east of Murmansk. Kildinsamisch is the largest language group of the ostsamischen languages ​​, its continued existence is questionable but because of the increasing use of Russian as the Inarisamischen and Skoltsamischen. The Kildinsamischen the closest related languages ​​are the Tersaamisch and now probably extinct Akkalasamische, which is sometimes regarded as kildinsamischer dialect.

Spelling

In the 1930s, for the first time a kolasamische written language was developed on the basis of the Latin alphabet. But the basis of this written language was not the dialects of Kildinsamischen, but then the largest and geographically most central dialect group of Skoltsami. Because of the Soviet language policy, the Latin alphabet was not used after the 2nd World War, as well as the linguistic study of the Sami in Russia ever came to a standstill.

In the 1970s, began again to work on a kolasamischen written language. The Sami teacher Alexandra Antonova 1982 wrote a primer on Kildinsamisch, Са̄мь букварь in a new orthography. Basis were the letters of the Russian alphabet. Special kildinsamische lute was using diacritics not (eg vowel length ӯ for / u :/ ) and other modifiers (eg, voiceless sonorants ӆ / l /, ӎ / m /, ӊ / n / and ҏ / r / [ but / J / ] marked the so-called Halbpalatalisierung of / t /, / d / and / n / ( was also marked in Scripture marked by the church Slavonic letters Ҍ ҍ [eg - т ҍ ] or also with diacritics [ such as -. ӭ ], depending on the position of the corresponding consonants in final position or before a vowel. )

Antonovas spelling, also used for Georgi Kert be published in 1986 kildinsamisch -Russian- kildinsamisches school dictionary, was further developed by the teacher and linguist Rimma Kurutsch. Kurutsch worked with Antonova and other Saami people in Murmansk in the development of kolasamischen written language. In addition to textbooks and teaching materials for teacher training in the group of Kurutsch was also a great kildinsamisch -Russian dictionary. The dictionary was published in 1985 and contains a brief overview normative grammar of Kildinsamischen. Antonovas spelling was supplemented with the letters Һ һ as a sign of Präaspiration and Ј ј for the voiceless palatal approximant / j /.

These two letters, however, were later replaced by '(apostrophe ) and Ҋ ҋ. This latest version of the spelling is fixed in the 1995 issued by the Working Group to Kurutsch book on the basics and rules of orthography. Said rules and the most recently added letters have been but never accepted by all Saami in Russia. That's why today exist in practice all the different versions of the new Cyrillic spelling for Kildinsamisch side by side.

The Cyrillic alphabet saamische contains the following letter:

Remarks:

  • * Denotes two letters. Sammallahti et al in (1991 ) are used; most since the 90s published in Norway books for Kildinsamisch use this variant of the alphabet.
  • ** Marks the two corresponding letters. Afanas'eva et al in Be used in 1985; most since the 80s in Russia published books use this variant of the alphabet.
  • In Antonovas Primer (1982) and Kerts Dictionary (1986 ), these letters are not used.
  • *** Occurs only in Russian loanwords.

Mark As in other Cyrillic alphabets some letters (alone or in addition to their vocalic value ) characteristics of the preceding consonant:

  • е / ӭ, ё, и, ю, я / ä stand for the respective palatalized consonants following a vowel [e ], [ o ], [i ], [ u], [a].
  • ь / ҍ marks the palatalization of the preceding consonant (except after н, here marked ь that there is a palatal consonant [ ɲ ] ).
  • ъ marks the non- palatalization of the preceding consonant.

Long vowels are marked with a macron (¯ ) above the vowel letters.

Uralic languages Kildin Island Ter Sami language Georgy Martynovitch Kert
475222
de