Kinzig (Rhine)
The Kinzig in Wolfach
The Kinzig is a river that flows through the Middle Black Forest and the Upper Rhine Valley on a length of 93 km. It is equipped with a water flow of about 28 m³ / s with its tributaries created the largest of the Rhine flowing rivers of the Black Forest and has the largest system of valleys of the Black Forest. Previously it was the Kinzig valley as the border between North and South Black Forest, or between North and Middle Black Forest. Its entire course is located in the state of Baden- Württemberg. The river's name is supposed to be of Celtic origin.
With the Murg, the Kinzig formed in the Ice Age, a common river system ( Kinzig Murg River ).
- 5.1 rafters crafts
- 5.2 The historic Roman road
- 5.3 Transport (today)
River course
The Kinzig springs within the boundaries of the municipality in the district of Freudenstadt Loßburg. They first flows near the eastern edge of the mountains in a southerly direction. She leaves little to the south of Alpirsbach the district of Freudenstadt and rub in the district of Rottweil. The largest part of its course lies in Ortenaukreis. In the town of Schiltach the Kinzig bends to the west. In Hausach the winding valley is wide with the expert opinion of the confluence valley, settled rather straight and tight. In Haslach their course bends to the northwest. In Offenburg leaves the Kinzig the Black Forest and flows into the Rhine at Kehl.
In its upper course of the river Kinzig is a typical mountain river. Because of the risk of flooding the Kinzig was forced wide in the middle and lower section in a bed with double trapezoidal profile and high dikes. In the region of double trapezoidal profile restoration projects have been carried out in several places, such as below the Schutter - mouth, in the area of highway bridge at Griesheim and at the Erlenbach estuary at Biberach.
Tributaries
In the Black Forest the Kinzig flowing to many tributaries, including several larger with lengths of 20-30 km, reaching predominantly from the north and south of the Kinzig. 10 km or more length have:
- Kleine Kinzig, right in the gift-giving Zeller railway bridge, 20.2 km and 62.9 km ².
- Schiltach, from left in Schiltach, 29.5 km and 115.8 km ².
- Wolf, formerly Wolfach, from right in Wolfach, 30.8 km and 129.6 km ².
- Gutach, from left in Gutach ( Black Forest Railway ), 29.3 km and 161.5 km ².
- Mühlbach or Welschensteinach Bach, from left at Steinach, 10.5 km and 24.9 km ².
- Erlenbach, from right to Biberach, 18.9 km (along with the slightly larger left Harmersbach its much longer two headwaters Harmersbach and Nordrach ) and 102.9 km ².
The largest influx ever reached the Kinzig only little from the mouth of the Upper Rhine Valley:
- Schutter, from left to Kehl, 56.8 km and 338.2 km ².
Flora and Fauna
Vegetation
The Kinzig is the most deeply cut valley of the inner Black Forest. In the front Kinzig valley are the villages of less than 200 meters above sea level. The climate in the Kinzig valley is therefore milder than in most other parts of the Black Forest. In the front Kinzig is successfully produced fruit and wine; Gengenbach, Ortenberg and Ohlsbach are household names of wine varieties that are affected in part by the Baden Wine Route. The valley landscape to the Kinzig grows green in the spring much earlier than the surrounding landscapes of the Black Forest.
Wildlife
Since 2002 trying to resettle salmon in the Kinzig by exposing young salmon and remove obstacles. These efforts began in early 2005 initial success, as after 50 years again salmon spawning was first found in a river in Baden-Württemberg. 2011 you could watch the game spawning of salmon in Willstaett in the Kinzig for several days. The following species can be found in the Kinzig now again:
- Atlantic salmon
- Rainbow trout
- Brook trout
- Barbel
- Chub
- Loach
- Eel
- Hazel
- Minnow
- Brook trout
- Grayling
- Roach
- Rudd
- Cutter
- Brook lamprey
- Gudgeon
The name Kinzig
The name Kinzig seems apparently to call in documents next to the river and the valley itself.
The derivation of the name River Kinzig ( 1099 Chinzechun ad, ad aliam Chinzichun ) is disputed by Adolf Bach and Bruno Boesch. Bach refers to the appellative use of the name. In the northern Breisgau canyon -like ravines in the loess would be defined as Kinzigen, and in Upper Alsace and the Grisons refer the river Kinzig name element to a ravine character. After Boesch broadcast in the lößhaltigen vineyards in the Imperial chair and im Breisgau Kinzgen are cut from water ravines or hollow channels. However, when the river Kinzig things are little more complicated. The root word had yet to be investigated. Usual is a derivation from the Celtic or pre-Celtic, Illyrian. It is worth noting in this context that both the Black Forest as the Hessian Kinzig valley are a convenient, distinctive notched mountain passages that had significance as a connecting axes already in historical times.
M. R. Buck leads the Kinzig on without further derivation under Kanzach he to the Indo-European root cudh ( Sanskrit) = to clean, purify recycled. He refers to the language- related Latin candidus = white out. Ludwig Traub explains the Kanzach from the Gallic town by candos = pure, shiny, white. But he gives no explanation for Kinzig, nor Hans Krahe and Walther Keinath. Otto Springer excludes the Indo-European word for clan Kinzig on a Celtic kent, the different types may have meant rapid movements. Wilhelm Obermuller sees a derivative of coed or gwidd, gwindoiche = forest stream. Hans Bahlow indicates the name Kinzig from the keltoligurischen Centica ( Cinti ), which simply meant water and used a variant of cant, cent = marsh, reed, dirt, mildew water, terms Bahlow for a large number of river names.
For the meaning as transport and trade
Rafter crafts
The Kinzig had great significance for the rafting in earlier times. The earliest mention of this craft on the river Kinzig dates from 1339. Flößer The cities Wolfach Schiltach and chatted own raft companies that organized the rafting up to the Rhine and on to Holland, called Schiffer properties. They were given by the respective sovereigns the sole right to export wood - a lucrative business, which helped the cities to prosperity. Sebastian Munster writes in his Cosmographia universalis: " The multitudes so work at the Kyntzig dwell, especially mod Wolfach ernehret with large Bawhöltzern they flötzen through the water Kyntzig tions Strasbourg and the Rhine and conquer large Gelt annually ". Their heyday was the rafting on the Kinzig in the 15th and 16th century and then again in the 18th century, when the demand for wood rose rapidly because the Netherlands and England began to build their powerful navy and merchant fleets. With the possibilities of the newly introduced train but you could not keep up, and so the last built for commercial reasons raft in 1896 went on the Kinzig. Even today, rafters festivals, museums rafters in Gengenbach, Schiltach and Wolfach, as well as numerous technical equipment such as weirs at this time.
In Schiltach and Wolfach keep rafters clubs with their work remembering the rafting awake and ensure that the technology of construction of the raft posterity remains.
The historic Roman road
The width, length, and the favorable east-west course of the middle and lower valley make the Kinzig valley important for traffic guidance. So already entertained the Romans a road that ran through the valley: The Kinzigtalstraße is a Roman military road and was under the Roman Emperor Vespasian in the years 73/74 of Offenburg through the Kinzig Valley to established simultaneously Roman Rottweil ( Arae Flaviae ) and on to Tuttlingen built. You should primarily provide a shorter strategic link from Mainz to Augsburg, which was until then only on a longer route over the Rhine knee at Basel. During the Batavian revolt in the year 69/70, this detour had been a problem.
During the construction of this road several forts were built, next to Rottweil, the bearing in Offenburg Rammersweier, Offenburg - Zunsweier, fort Waldmössingen, fort Sulz, Geislingen - Häsenbühl, and - as part of the Alblimes - the forts in Frittlingen, fort Lautlingen and castle Burladingen. The camp Burladingen was the only one of these systems on rätischem area, the other forts were Upper German. The surprising discovery of the fort in Frittlingen only a few kilometers southeast of Rottweil occupied in 1992, that the construction of Kinzigtalstraße was covered with a dense network of military posts intensive. The assumption that in the Kinzig valley itself at least another Roman fort was located, has thereby obtain new plausibility. Until then, it was based only on the great distance between the forts in Offenburg and Waldmössingen that suggested one or two more, yet undiscovered castles.
Also in Rottenburg a Roman fort in the late first century is suspected if there is already 73/74 or was until about 98 AD, is unknown.
About the same time the construction of the Kinzigtalstraße north Roman forts of the Rhine, as in Frankfurt (?), Frankfurt - Heddernheim, Okarben, wholesale Gerau, Gernsheim (? ) Ladenburg ( Lopodunum ), Heidelberg and Baden- Baden also emerged further east ( Aquae ). Whether this has more to do single outpost or whether the frontier of the Roman Empire between approximately 73 and 98 AD already generally east of the Rhine was Chr along a defined line, is still unclear.
Probably from the 98 years today southwestern Germany was then Roman until the Odenwald and the Neckar. The connection Mainz Augsburg shortened and thereby further the Kinzigtalstraße lost its national significance.
Traffic (today)
Today, the federal road 33 leads from Offenburg parallel to the Kinzig. In the upper valley it branches off and follows the Gutach towards Villingen -Schwenningen. From Hausach the highway passes along the upper Kinzig 294 towards Freudenstadt.
The largely also tourist attractions places and cities of Kinzigtales today are largely relieved by bypass roads and tunnels by the passage of traffic, the ride through the valley no longer holds due to the workarounds on.
The railroad uses the natural transport corridor of the valley. The Black Forest Railway runs from Offenburg to Hausach; there she bends into Gutachtal and then proceeds to Konstanz on Lake Constance. Through the upper Kinzig valley connects the Kinzig Valley Railway Hausach with Freudenstadt.
Places along the Kinzig
( in flow direction )
In the district of Freudenstadt:
- Loßburg
- Alpirsbach - Ehlenbogen
- Alpirsbach
In the district of Rottweil:
- Schenkenzell
- Schiltach
- Schiltach - Lehengericht
In Ortenaukreis:
- Wolfach - Kinzig
- Wolfach
- Wolfach - Kirnbach
- Hausach
- Fischer Bach
- Haslach
- Steinach
- Biberach ( Baden)
- Gengenbach
- Berghaupten
- Ohlsbach
- Ortenberg (Baden)
- Offenburg
- Willstaett
- Kehl
Castles, monasteries and castles in the Kinzig
Castle Wolfach
Ruin Hohengeroldseck
Kloster Gengenbach
Schloss Ortenberg in May 2008
Monastery Church and Loretto chapel of the Capuchin monastery in Haslach, February 2006
- Monastery Alpirsbach Alpirsbach
- Give Castle, Schenkenzell
- Castle Schiltach, Schiltach
- Willburg, Schiltach
- Castle Wolfach, Wolfach
- Castle Wolfach, Wolfach
- Burg Husen, Hausach
- Capuchin monastery Haslach Haslach
- Castle Hohengeroldseck between Seelbach and Biberach (Baden)
- Kloster Gengenbach, Gengenbach
- Schloss Ortenberg, Ortenberg (Baden)
- Monastery Church and Loretto chapel of the Capuchin monastery Haslach