Kiosk
A kiosk ( before the 18th century borrowed via French kiosque, from Italian chiosko, of Turkish Köşk " gazebo ", from Middle Persian Gose or Turkish köşe " angle, corner" ) is now in common usage, the term for a small retail outlet in form of a cottage or a booth. An example is the drinking hall.
Originally a kiosk was after several pages open, free-standing pavilion in the park and palaces in the Islamic culture. In the technical language of architecture and landscape architecture, the term has this meaning even today.
The traditional layout was often polygonal or square with several arched openings. Of function and shape to exist more or less close affinities to a gazebo, a pergola or oriental tent. " Most of the buildings were one-storey and had only one room; Another, somewhat larger buildings were equipped with an additional floor, several rooms, a portico or arcade running all around. "
Conceptual history
The word kiosk comes from the Persian and originally meant as much as corner or angle, before it also marked a gazebo or a garden shed. In the Turkish language both meanings remained, which is why the bay palaces are called kjosk. Beginning of the 18th century the word was translated into French and kiosque; from there it was taken in other European languages, including German.
In the 18th century, the word kiosk in Germany was already known, but was only associated with the Ottoman architecture. According to Johann Georg Krünitz was understood among them " a building bey the Turks, which consists in a number of not too high columns, which are set so that they have a [ ... ] space surrounding the [ ... ] is covered with a tent - roof. Such things like buildings or open halls serve the Turks in their gardens and on hills to enjoy the fresh air and pleasant views. ", The term " pleasure - building " refers to the activity of the pleasure Wandelns.
At the beginning of the 19th century already understood in German including gazebos, " from which you can enjoy the sight of a beautiful landscape [ ... ] for them to provide some protection against weather and sun rays and at the same time even a friendly sight. They usually consist of some raw columns of tree trunks, which support a roof of straw or wood, and are bordered below with a simple railing. "
After 1900, the pavilions have come as lookouts out of fashion and the term is applied to small stalls in the cities.
Cultural History
Kiosk -like building has been around since the 13th century in Persia, India and the Ottoman Empire. In the Topkapi Saray in Istanbul a few examples are obtained ( Çinili kiosk of 1466, Revan and Baghdad Kiosk of 1635, Kara Mustafa Pasha Kiosk of the 18th century and kiosk of Abd ul- Mejid of 1840). The oriental kiosks were important elements of garden architecture and served the wealthy as summer houses in their private facilities. With the end of the Ottoman Empire lost interest in this form of courtly architecture.
As part of the preference for the Asian- oriental style in the 18th century came the design - mostly free standing on pillars and side closed with lattice work - to Europe as part of landscaped parks, which made creating many rulers. Mentioned they are for the first time in England.
Example of Kioskbauten there are also in the plants of Stanislaus I, Duke of Lorraine and Bar in Luneville, and the French king Louis XV .. Striking examples in Germany are, inter alia, that commenced in 1755 Chinese House in Potsdam as well as of built Ludwig II of Bavaria at Schloss Linderhof or in the conservatory of the Munich Residenz.
In the 19th century the kiosk introduction held as a sales pavilion in the great public parks of Paris, later on the Grands Boulevards. First, only newspapers and flowers were sold, and later refreshments. The neologism tabloid originate here. Some of these famous Parisian Kiosques have been preserved until today. In Greece, the name of the kiosk ( Periptero ) of the temple construction Peripteros derived.
In common parlance, the kiosk in German since the 19th century was equated with a small stall, be sold to the tobacco, sweets, drinks, newspapers, etc.. In the Ruhr and the Rhineland such kiosks are also called pump room, in the Rhine -Main area waterfront cottage, Bude elsewhere or kiosks. The oldest German Stalls offered drinks at, only since the beginning of the 20th century newspapers. It is known the listed Magdeburg cream florets.
In the 1950s, the company built a total of 50 kiosks Waldner in mushroom shape, which were originally intended for sale of dairy products and were also exported. The still existing copies are now partly protected monument.
Built kiosk at Tetzelstein on the Elm, 1920
Milchpilz in Regensburg (built in 1954, and since 2003 under monument protection)
Stand on a platform in Albania
Ancient Egyptian kiosk
In the ancient Egyptian architecture and buildings that the temporary parking of sanctuaries served in processions, fachsprachlich kiosk called ( for example, the Kiosk of Sesostris I. Karnak, also called White Chapel ).