Kitchen stove

A stove, stove or kitchen stove is a device for cooking, roasting and baking food in its original meaning, the fire or cooking area of a house or tent.

History and types

Originally open hearths were outdoors or in buildings or tents, as shallow pits, between rocks or on a clay or stone slab. Archaeologists have unearthed the oldest Tonherde before Klisoura Cave in southern Greece. The flock in the northwestern Peloponnese are 23000-34000 years old. We have not found remains of wood ash and plants. The discovery helps make the transition from the oldest known stoves of stone to the Tonkonstruktionen how to explain those of Dolni Věstonie in the Czech Republic. Much later been substantiated base were added, which reached approximately table height in the Middle Ages. Was roasted on grates or on spits, cooked with boilers, boiler hanging on hook over an open fire or standing on three legs. With the introduction of the chimney, the hearth moved to the wall.

1735 developed François de Cuvilliés the Elder for the Amalienborg castle in the Nymphenburg Park with the Castrol stove ( or pot stove, the Castrol name is derived from the French word Casseroles = pots ) the first vollummauerten cooker with perforated iron plate, on which stood the pots, and a flue.

Since the end of the 18th century, there are real cooking stoves with completely closed combustion chamber and iron stove or copper plates with openings over the fire, were inserted into the pots and kettles. They evolved by the addition of grates for the lights and flaps to close the combustion chamber to savings herds, much better exploiting the fuel, usually coal. For various pot sizes the holes of the stove with oven different rings could be adjusted. Saving stoves usually also possessed an oven, a water tank and an incubator. The development of the savings hearth owes much to the physicist Benjamin Thompson, who built several models according to his instructions. These stoves were first used mainly in soup kitchens.

Were still bricked this herd, the first herd of metal arrived in the mid 19th century to the market. A stage of development of this period was the so-called cooking machine ( " Kitchen Witch " ), also a cooker version with different inner fire grates, passed through heat trains to the hobs heat, hot water heaters, various ovens and ovens and adjustable by cooker rings in size fireplaces. Due to their high cost, only wealthy people were able to afford such a herd; in Germany used these by 1860. At this time, the first dolls stoves were built; these scaled replicas iron fire stoves were a popular toy in affluent families. Simpler versions included since a standard feature in tenements (eg in Berlin).

Already at the beginning of the 19th century saw the first experiments with gas-fired ovens, but a sensible use of the distribution of a sufficient gas network was coupled in the cities. On the industrial exhibition in London, the first portable iron stove was shown in 1851, which was mass-produced in Germany since the 1860s. The hot plate had a number of detachable rings, the pots were hung in the opening. In rural areas, this herd remained in use until well into the 20th century. At the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago, the first electric stove was introduced, but it took until 1930 until it has spread widely, which also had its basis in the necessary infrastructure for such stoves.

In the second half of the 19th century, various combinations of heater and stove came on the market, some with side-mounted ovens, with essays for baking and frying, with a heat box for the dinnerware.

Modern stoves are almost exclusively powered by gas or electric. Gas stoves were introduced in the mid -19th century and settled in 1900 in the cities generally through. Recent developments next to gas stove and electric oven are the microwave oven and induction cooker. In addition to freestanding appliances, connect the hob top and oven below, today there are many separate devices for installation in countertops and kitchen cabinets that allow for greater flexibility in the kitchen equipment and better ergonomics.

Social and religious significance

In the clan houses of former times the hearth was the center of social life and in many cases the religious center of the house. In prehistoric times, the dead were often buried near the hearth. How important was the hearth, shows that most pre-Christian cultures goddesses who were in charge of the hearth fire. The Greek Hestia or Vesta, the Roman are prominent examples of such goddesses. In area of ancient Greece have survived to the present day ceremonies, which revolve around the sacred hearth fire: such a Christmas tradition, for example, celebrated in Ionia, to be cast at the ceremonial wine and oil into the hearth fire. Also in the Romance languages, the hearth has survived as the center of family life: How the French word foyer is both hearth, home / home, but also for the origin of something.

2.7 billion people worldwide cook their food with wood or dung fires which exposes them to health risks.

Others

The phenomenon of on a hot stove "dancing " water drop is known as the Leidenfrost effect.