Knockster Tief

The Knock Tief is a partly natural, partly artificial arisen waters in the district of Aurich and Emden in East Frisia. Smaller rivers and canals are often called in the region low. It is named after the land knock at the westernmost point of Emden, and thus at the southwestern point of the East Frisian peninsula. At the local sewer and pumping station, the passage ( so to speak, the " mouth " ) is in the Ems. The Knock Tief is the main receiving water for large parts of the south-western East Frisia. Together with its tributaries it drains all or most of the municipalities Emden, Hinte, Krummhoern, Südbrookmerland and Samtgemeinde Brookmerland, beyond the district Leybuchtpolder north of the town as well as smaller parts of the city Aurich and the community Ihlow.

Course

The Knock Tief has no " source " in the true sense. It begins on the Great Sea in the municipality in the district of Aurich Südbrookmerland. Then the river flows in a southwesterly direction to Knock. It flows through the Loppersumer sea and flows in sequence through the places Bedekaspeler march (municipality Südbrookmerland ) and by Loppersum, Suurhusen, Osterhusen and rear (all in the municipality of Hinte, District of Aurich). Southwest of wholesale Midlum leaves the Knock Tief the municipality of Hinte and from then forms the border between Emden and the neighboring community Krummhoern, which is located in the district of Aurich also. In this section, the Knock Tief expands before it reached just before flowing into a bay ( Mahlbusen ), which serves as a water reservoir has a width of approximately 60 meters. The Mahlbusen and the sewer and pumping station again lie solely in the area of the city of Emden. The low take its course to the right - as left-sided several smaller channels.

On Siel, opened in 1969 and Schöpfwerk Knock, Knock ends Tief. It has a great importance for the drainage of Emden and the north of the city lying communities Hinte, Krummhoern and Südbrookmerland. Responsible for draining the low-lying areas is the I. Drainage Association, based in Emden Pewsum. He is responsible for an area of ​​approximately 480 square kilometers. All property owners in the catchment area of the association have to pay a tax to them. Thus, the maintenance measures for the serviced waters and for the technical facilities be denied for dehydration.

Naming

The Knock Tief had no single name in the past. The watercourses in Ostfriesland were in earlier times - named differently - depending on the proximity to certain villages or other geographical conditions. This was also the Knock Tief. On a portion of the water is the case today. The part between the Great Sea and the Sea Loppersumer is today known as Norder Riede. In earlier times, the section between the sea and Loppersumer Loppersum was also Loppersumer low. Between Westerhusen and Great Midlum Knock Tief was also called Dwarstief. The name comes from the Low German word meaning deep cross. This was related to the flow direction of the water together: From the Great Room Midlum arise, the flow direction was the time from west to east, while in the western East Frisia all natural and artificially dug channels in the direction of EMS, so to the west, flocked. The Dwarstief at the time was still tributary of the background lows and flowed eastward, however, so the translated name cross deep. After removing the knock Rochester lows, the portion of the previously formed the Dwarstief, part of today's waters, the name Dwarstief is therefore only historically important.

History

The expansion of Knock Rochester lows can be seen in the context of successive Abschleusung the Emden harbor, especially with the construction of the Ems- Jade Canal in 1880 to 1888th The drainage area decreed by then about seven sluices, four of which in Emden were: the Red Siel, the Gasthaussiel, the Neupfortsiel and Stadtsiel. The construction of the Ness Erlander lock in Emden, which made the port tidefrei and thus independent of the tide level at all times, these four sluices could no longer assume their function for drainage. It was therefore necessary to regulate the drainage of the area north of Emden new. To this end, the Knock Tief was expanded.

Until then, the small sluice on the Knock drained only the space between Rysum and Wybelsum. The feeding him lows since the Christmas flood of 1717 were already no longer connected to the other drainage channels of the Krummhoern. Therefore, in 1880/ 81, a new, larger sewer and pumping station built and created an artificial link with the hinterland: Between Knock and the mouth of the Pewsumer and Groot Huser lows in the low Larrelter today's Knock Tief was born. It was also dug a compound south of Great Midlum between said confluence of Pewsumer lows and the Dwarstief: Since there is a current connection from the Knock up to the room Hinte. During the section between the main town Hinte and the Great Sea was called until well into the 1960s Loppersumer depth, ie, the entire river course to the Great Sea Today Knock Tief.

Tributaries

In the north of Loppersum Knock Tief takes on the Old Greetsieler Sieltief that represents the connection to the same Sielort. South of it flows the Suurhuser depth that binds as by the low center of Suurhusen to the Knock Tief. A short branch canal connects the center of Osterhusen with a Knock Tief. In the center of the rear knock Tief takes on the New Greetsieler Sieltief and then swung for a few hundred meters in a southerly direction. There flows - coming from south - the background is a deep, representing the connection to the sewer system of the city of Emden. The Knock Tief then pivoted in west south-west, where at Westerhusen a branch channel exists to the north of the village core lows. Immediately behind it flows from the south to the Stadtwykschloot which drains the lands lying below sea level. Further west branches from the United Midlumer low of Knock Tief and binds the same name in the municipality of Hinte on. Southwest of the United Midlum the lands of long ago drained Uhlsmeeres be drained by a branch canal. Since the lands lying below sea level, a lower pumping station is this necessary. Near the homestead Doodshörn in the district Twixlum (belonging to the city of Emden ) takes the Knock Tief on the Pewsumer deep, which flows from the north. Behind this inflow changes the Knock Tief its course towards southwest. The Groot Huser depth is then taken from the west. Located northwest of the homestead beard Hausen takes the Knock Tief of right (west ) on the Loquarder depth, from the left in the same amount Larrelter depth that will flow from the direction Larrelt / Twixlum. Immediately before Mahlbusen, which is upstream of the sluice and pumping station Knock, flows from the right ( west) the Old Maar (also known as Old Low ) from the direction Rysum to. In these waters, it is the original drainage area of ​​Knock before removal in the 1880s. To the south, eventually flows nor the branch of Knock Rochester lows, which served until the opening of the new pumping station at Knock in 1969 as a drain in the direction of Ems.

Economic Importance

Former transport of goods

In the past the area of ​​today's communities Hinte, Krummhoern and in parts of the ( Velvet ) communities Brookmerland and Südbrookmerland was highly dependent on boat traffic on the canals since the way to the early 20th century only poorly developed or not were available. This was partly due to the difficult soil and drainage conditions, on the other hand also to financial shortcomings. For the 18th century, for example, reports on the land: " From Emden to Greetsiel. The path leads over Harsweg, Hinte, weighting Husen, Cirkwehrum, Damhusen, Dykhusen, Visquard and Appingen to Greetsiel. Length 3 1/2 hours. The trail runs entirely on clay soil. He is low between Hinte and Harsweg, Dykhusen and Appingen and is often flooded at high winter water. " Villages and connected to the duct system farms were by boat on the canals more accessible than by horse and carriage.

The connection via the Knock Tief and its side channels existed at the seaport city of Emden and the harbor Greetsiel. Especially the boat traffic with Emden was important. Village boatmen took over the supply of places with goods from the city and delivered in the opposite direction of agricultural products: "From Sielhafenort smaller vessels, called Loogschiffe, the folded cargo transported inland and supplied the march villages ( loog = village). Until the 20th century the Loogschiffe from the bustling Krummhoern the canals of the city of Emden. "From the city were capital goods and goods that were not available in the villages, in return, provided the villages agricultural products. Among them was among other manure, which was weiterverschifft in the fenland of East Friesland, where he served as fertilizer for the poor soil.

Drainage

The Knock Tief is the main receiving water for large parts of the south-western East Frisia. Together with its tributaries it drains all or most of the municipalities Emden, Hinte, Krummhoern, Südbrookmerland and Samtgemeinde Brookmerland. Responsible for the maintenance of the Knock Rochester lows and its tributaries is the I. Drainage Association, based in Emden Pewsum, the capital of Krummhoern. Large parts of the association's territory lying below sea level, so that those areas would be under water without adequate drainage in case of continued rainfall.

Tourism

The Knock Tief today for the transport of goods no more importance. However, it is used by boaters ( kayakers, boaters ) at their leisure. However, there is on the Dredge and Schöpfwerk Knock lack of immediate access to EMS, because there is no lock there. The connection to the deep sea can therefore only about Emden. The Mahlbusen is also popular for surfing spot, on the bank is also the only camp on Emden city.