Kolkhoz

The kolkhoz (Russian колхоз = коллективное хозяйство pronunciation / i:? Collective farm ), in German also the collective farm, was a large-scale agricultural operations in the Soviet Union, which was organized as a cooperative and its management was " Socialist Collective " by the members.

The first collective farms arose after the October Revolution of 1917, on a voluntary basis, from about 1929, there were (forced) collectives of individual peasant farms. Legally, they were under collective self-government.

The members of a kolkhoz were formally the common ownership of the means of production, but not the soil, belonged to the state. There was also a strong state influence on the collective farms by the used of the party Kolchosleitung. The collective farms was imposed on a production target, which they had to pay to government- determined prices.

The counterpart to the collective farm ( kolkhoz ) was the state farm ( state farm ).

In the GDR, the collective farms corresponded to the Agricultural Production Cooperatives ( LPG ), in which also the ground was private property, but has been used cooperatively.