Kosmos (satellite)
Kosmos (Russian Космос ) is a standard term for various Soviet and Russian earth satellites and space vehicles. For the first time a satellite under the name Cosmos 1 was launched in 1962. Since this launch a new carrier was used for the first time, we called this, as was customary in the Soviet Union, also according to the payload, so that a carrier system was referred to as the cosmos.
In addition, with the cosmos were many different earth satellite, on the one wanted to give any precise information, information (eg, military satellites, prototypes of new space vehicles). Therefore, the number of ongoing under the name Cosmos missions grew rapidly and exceeded as early as the mid-1970s, the 1000 mark. In addition, failed missions in retrospect were often Cosmos designations. The award of the cosmos names is common for missions of a military nature continues even today.
A Cosmos designation contributed, among other things:
- Study of cosmic radiation: Cosmos 3, 5, 6, 17, 19
- Geomagnetic Research: Cosmos 26, 49
- Investigation of the charged particles in the Earth's magnetic field: Cosmos 41
- Study of infrared and ultraviolet radiation of the earth: Cosmos 45, 65
- Investigation of the luminosity of the night sky in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum: Cosmos 51
- Investigation of the infrared and gamma radiation of the earth: Cosmos 92
- Examination of the theory of relativity with a molecular quantum generator: Cosmos 92
- Measurement of the density of micrometeorites: Cosmos 135, 163
- Investigation of the longitudinal wave propagation in the ionosphere: Cosmos 142, 259
- Air density measurement: Cosmos 146
- Testing the aerodynamic stabilization of earth satellite Kosmos 149
- Investigation of the solar X-ray and ultraviolet radiation: Cosmos 166, 215, 230
- Study of solar and stellar X-rays: Cosmos 208, 230
- Investigation of the Earth's upper atmosphere and the polar lights and the Whistler: Cosmos 261
- Massenspektrometriesche Ionosphärenuntersuchungen: Cosmos 274
- Investigation of the ionosphere: Cosmos 381
- Test satellites for the Meteor program ( weather satellites): Cosmos 112, 122, 144, 156, 184, 206, 243
- Failed spacecraft of the Zond program: Cosmos 21
- Failed lunar probes: Cosmos 60 Cosmos 111, Cosmos 300, Cosmos 305
- Failed Venus probe: Cosmos 167, 359, 482
- Failed Mars probes: Cosmos 419
- Unmanned test flight of the Voskhod spacecraft: Cosmos 47 Cosmos 57 Cosmos 110
- Unmanned test flight of the Soyuz spacecraft: Cosmos 133, 140, 186, 188, 212, and 213, 238, 496, 573, 613, 638, 670, 672, 772, 869, 1001, 1074
- Unmanned test flights of the lunar module LK: Cosmos 379, 398 and 434
- Unmanned test flights of the TKS spacecraft 929, 1267, 1443, 1686, 1267
- Unmanned test flights of the space shuttle BOR: Cosmos 1374, 1445, 1517, 1614
- A non- usable space station: Cosmos 557
- Surveillance satellites with radionuclide energy supply: RORSAT
- Over 400 military communication satellites of the type Strela
- About 100 military Parus navigation and communications satellites
- Ten research satellite Bion Bion 1 to 10 also contributed additional cosmos numbers.