Kronstadt

Kronstadt (Russian Кронштадт ) is a town and former fortress on the Baltic island of Kotlin before Saint Petersburg in Russia. The island is connected by the "Petersburg dam " with the city. Kronstadt ( October 14, 2010 status ) with its 43 005 inhabitants forms a not sub-divided city district ( raion ) of Saint Petersburg. The Kronstadt level serves as a reference point for the height system HN Eastern Europe, which was from 1945 to 1993 for East Germany.

The historic old town and the many forts that surround the port city, were added in 1990 by the UNESCO list of world cultural and natural heritage of mankind. German sister city since 1995 Mühlhausen / Thuringia.

History

Tsar Peter the Great founded the city in 1703 as a naval base on the Baltic Sea. Kronstadt defended her access to the former Russian capital city of the Baltic Sea and was therefore provided only in the north, west and south, with fortifications and coastal batteries.

1803 started from Kronstadt from the first Russian circumnavigation under Captain Adam Johann von Krusenstern.

Became well-known, the city is also the sailors uprisings of 1905/1906 against the conditions in the Imperial Russian Navy.

During the July 1917 uprising Kronstadt sailors mutinied.

On August 18, 1919 British speedboats sunk in an attack on the port of the Pamjat Asowa.

1921, there was another rebellion of the Kronstadt sailors against the Bolshevik rule; the sailors of Kronstadt uprising was violently put down after an ultimatum by the Red Army led by the People's Commissar for Military and Naval beings, Leon Trotsky.

During World War II, the Red Army from 1941 Kronstadt could hold up to 1944 against the invading German Wehrmacht. Together with the positions of the boiler of Oranienbaum it protected Leningrad during the blockade against German attacks from the sea side.

In Soviet times Kronstadt was restricted as a military town. Access has been granted a permit. This usually only had soldiers stationed there and their families. 1996 this status was lifted. Since then the city can be visited by tourists.

Demographics

Note: Census data

Sons and daughters of the town

  • Alexander Yakovlevich Gomelski, Russian basketball player and coach
  • Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev, Russian poet of the Silver Age and one of the protagonists of the literary movement of Acmeism
  • Ivan Vasilyevich Evdokimov, Soviet writer
  • Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Russian physicist
  • John of Kronstadt Russian starets
489776
de