Krummholz

As krummholz or dwarf pine naturally grown wood is called crooked.

The term is used in botany for the crippled and low tree forms such as the mountain pine ( mountain pine ) at the tree line ( coppice ); one speaks in extreme form by cripple growth. Another form is the krummwüchsige tree under wind influence, as well as on a slope, particularly if it is unstable and migrates. Areas with the same abnormal curvature are a geodynamic pointer.

Seen coppice forestry is now largely worthless, and as a growth fault classified ( Krummschäftigkeit ).

Historically, suitable Krumm woods but sought plant material, initially not feasible for other technical solutions, and later, because of course the crooked timber grown with its reliable fiber orientation in some special applications not cut through from geradwüchsigem crooked wood components could be replaced. Application can be found about:

• Since the beginning of human tool-making as a knee- shaped curved piece of wood, used as a weapon or grave floor and the construction of Bronze Age units like Randleistenbeil or plow. Meaning lose the knee wood units only when one develops the arrival and Einschäften of stone and bronze blades
• But for tool handles (eg spades, scythes ) to the modern
• Grown frames that have been carved out of wood found knee, once in the sailing ship use
• Crooked wood can also be found in the regional timber-framed building, for decorative works
• Also in the wheelwright ( for tires, water wheels, etc.), in Sledge ( sled ) and related trades was worked up in the 20th century with naturally curved timbers
• Alphorns be made ​​today of grown on steep slopes, crooked in the lower trunk spruce.

Finally lost, the krummholz its technical use only with the invention of wood bending ( bentwood ), the permanent reshaping of hydrotreated steam wood - known and used in and of itself since ancient times, such as in the cooperage, but not until around 1850 for industrial use developed ( Thonetmöbel ). Today bentwood is used again for growing carriers in modern timber construction, though usually very rare in the form of laminated beams, natural coppice.

Job Title

As krummholz also points on the Wagner wandering journeyman was called.