Kubrawiya

The Kubrawiyya is an Islamic Sufi order ( tariqa ), which was founded by the mystic Najmuddin Kubra in Central Asia in the 12th century.

History

Known members of the Order are in addition to the founders of religious orders whose pupil Najmuddin Daya Razi, Fariduddin Attar, Baha'uddin Walad (father of Jalal ad-Din Rumi ) and ' Ala'uddaula Simnani. The latter was later turned into a highly revered person of Naqschbandiyya, sometimes mingled with the Kubrawiyya. In the second half of the 14th century, the Kubrawiyya became the most important orders in the Kashmir region, as Sayyid Ali Hamadhani according to tradition, with 700 dervishes emigrated there in 1371. This area was only recently converted to Islam, and Hamadhani was largely instrumental in Muslim thought in Kashmir are at home to let. The expansion of the Order to Indonesia Gunung Jati is Sunan, one of the most revered of Indonesian Muslims holy nine walis of the 16th century attributed. Its lineage ( Silsila ) is similar to Najmuddin Kubras, with whom he is supposed to have, according to a historical myth, operated in the 12th century in Mecca together Islamic studies.

After the death Hamadhanis the Kubrawiyya lost its influence in the Indian subcontinent and has been replaced over time by the Chishtiyya, Suhrawardiyya, Qadiriyyah and from about 1600 the Naqschbandiyya.

Overall, the works and teachings of the Shaykh of this order have greatly influenced the mystical piety in India and Pakistan.

Teaching

The teaching of Kubrawiyya mainly based on the mystical works of Najmuddin Kubra. Thus, man is a microcosm, containing everything that exists in the macrocosm in himself. Man can assume the attributes of God ( Allah ), with the exception of the properties of ar -Rahman ar - Rahim ( " the Beneficent, the Merciful " ) and al -Hadi ( " the Law Manager " ) which are occupied exclusively by the Divine Majesty can.

The human heart Kubra considered as a subtle body, which can rise through the sky and thereby make visionary journeys.

However, experiences of this kind can of the followers of the Order are made ​​only if they follow the strict rules, such as fasting, the complete devotion to the Sheikh, constant ritual purity ( Tahara ), constant silence, constant seclusion, constant God remembrance ( dhikr ) and continuous lines by a Sheikh, who interprets the visions and dreams of the student.