Kumari Kandam
Kumarikkandam ( குமரிக்கண்டம் - Kumarikkaṇṭam - kumʌri ˌ kʌɳɖʌm or " Kumari Kandam " ) called, sometimes Kumarinadu or " Kumari Nadu " ( " Kumari -Land" ) is the name of a mythical- legendary continent ( Kandam ), extending from the Indian Southern Cape Kanniyakumari ( Kumari ) extends from south, parts of today's Indian Ocean have included and the origin of Tamil culture - to have been during the former existence of such a continent or sub-continent as well as a part of the primitive culture based there - or even the entire human species and civilization. university earth and humanity historical research is in the negative, is its acceptance advocates from the fields of mysticism, Hinduism and modern Tamil nationalism. discussed Honored it is also in the international scientific district.
Kumarikkandam as a cultural motif
After a modern, presumably nationalist- nativist motivated reinterpretation of the ancient Tamil tradition, the Dravidians originally came from Kumarikkandam, a continental land mass south of India in the Indian Ocean, (including Sri Lanka ) to Madagascar in the west and in many depictions of the southern tip of India Australia ranges in the east. This geological speculation is embedded in the context of a broader historical revisionist draft (whose spatio-temporal framework, it forms at the same time ): so, about the Sangams, colleges alttamilischer poet, the first time in the early medieval commentaries ( Iraiyanar Ahapporul, by K. Zvelebil about 650-750 AD) are mentioned, localized by the representatives of this design in three dimensions at the sunken Kumarikkandam and time into epochs, up to date back several millennia BC.
May find the few and rather interpretation vacancies of ancient and early medieval Tamil literature on which this modern mythologem based, literary reflections of popular flood stories explain how they are also found in other nations. Thus, a lost city called " Puhar " is mentioned about in epics like the Silappadigaram or Manimegalai. Puhar (also called " Pumbuhar " ) is localized by supporters of Kumarikkandam theory of a submerged continent, while this city by today's archeology rather located on the coast of present-day Thanjavur District in Tamil Nadu and identified with the Kaveripattanam also lost. Rise to such stories there are certainly enough in the South Indian history: while the Coast of southwest India (eg Kerala ) away slowly rises over the year tens of thousands from the sea, the opposite coast sinks (eg Tamil Nadu ) to the same extent from what has obviously done well in historical times to the fact that coastal settlements had to be abandoned: as the ruins of a lost port city have been found in the sea around at Mamallapuram (near Chennai) in 2004.
According to this modern Lemuria Kumarikkandam legend who has experienced a fantastic geographical - historical embellishment in the early 20th century, there should have been on the Kumari Continent mountains, forests, even entire kingdoms as well as two major rivers: the " Pahruliyaru "and" Kumariyaru ". The assumption that no ( accepted as it is today ) Africa, but this Kumari continent, the cradle of humanity and their original language must be the Tamil therefore, still appears to be very common in a variety of Tamil academics and intellectuals today. These ideas win in the Tamil literature about in the first decades of the 20th century in weight, can be divided into approaches but also in the years to prove it. A central multiplier of such theories was the with the active primarily from 1916 " Only Tamil Movement" ( Tanittamil - Iyakkam, engl. " Pure- Tamil movement" ) associated self-taught linguist Na. Tevaneyan (also called " Tevaneya Pavanar ", 1902-1981 ): eg emergence of mankind from a "homo dravida "; all languages of the earth " only corrupt dialects of Tamil ." Followers of this history draft, which is apparently a late ideological response to injury Tamil national sensitivities during an intra- Indian " Aryan- Dravidian " scholarly dispute in the 19th and early 20th century, explain the disappearance Kumarikkandams with the possibility that it over a longer period had been away repeatedly plagued by tsunamis and so ultimately disappeared in the sea. Scientific evidence for the existence of such a geological formation as well as for the functioning of such a cataclysmic mechanism there is not.
Connection with Lemuria
In modern Tamil works ( mostly from the genre of nonfiction literature) Kumarikkandam will be happy with the postulated in 1858 by the zoologist Philip Sclater continent Lemuria ( tamilisiert: " Ilemuriya " ) identified.
Tamil word forms
In the following, the notations of the above terms in Tamil font (according Tamil Lexicon, Madras in 1926 and following) and in transcription by ISO standard 15919; behind it in brackets (if different) diacritics - adjusted ISO - form and ( if determinable ), the most common in the Tamil culture Anglicized spelling:
Kumarinadu - குமரிநாடு - Kumarināṭu ( Kumarinatu; Kumari Nadu ); Kanniyakumari - கன்னியகுமரி - Kanniyakumari ( Kanya Kumari ); Silappadigaram - சிலப்பதிகாரம் - Cilappatikāram ( Cilappatikaram; Silappathigaram, Shilapathigaram ); Manimegalai - மணிமேகலை - Manimekalai ( Manimekalai ); Puhar - புகார் - Pukar ( Pukar; PUGAR ); Sangam - சங்கம் - Caṅkam ( Cankam; Shangam ); Iraiyanar Agapporul - இறையனார் அகப்பொருள் - Iṟaiyaṉār Akapporuḷ ( Iraiyanar Akapporul; Iraiyanar Ahapporul ); Pahruliyaru - பஃறுளியாறு - Paḵṟuḷiyāṟu ( Pakruliyaru; Pagliyar, Pagliyaru ); Kumariyaru - குமரியாறு - Kumariyāṟu ( Kumariyaru; Kumari Aru ); tanittamil - iyakkam - தனித்தமிழியக்கம் - taṉittamiḻiyakkam ( tanittamiliyakkam ); Na. Tevaneyan - ஞா. தேவநேயன் - NA. Tēvanēyaṉ (G. Devaneyan ); Tevaneya Pavanar - தேவநேய பாவாணர் - Tēvanēya Pāvāṇar ( Devaneya Pavanar ); Ilemuriya - இலெமூரியா - Ilemūriyā ( Ilemuria; <" Lemuria "); U. Ve. Saminadaiyar - உ. வே. சாமிநதையர் - U. Ve. Cāminataiyar (U. Ve Caminataiyar; . Swaminatha UV / Svaminatha Iyer / Ayyar / Aiyar ).