Kummuh

The Iron Age kingdom of Kummuh ( Kumaha, Assyrian. Kummuh, Urartian Qumaha ) was in eastern Anatolia south of Malatya and north of Carchemish, west of Alzi and east of Gurgum in the plane of Maras.

Capital was probably the city of the same name Kummuh, later Samosata. Presumably, the city is identical to the Kummaha the Hittite Empire period, but it was also proposed an equation with Kemah. Other major cities were Uita and HalPa.

It seems to have entertained of Assyria largely friendly relations. Thus came Adad - nirari III. with his mother Šammuramat after Pazarcık stele 805 BC the king of Kummuh against its enemies from Gurgum to help, and offered its capital, the weather gods.

In the first half of the 8th century Urartian raids increased. 744 BC, the Urartu had instigated the Aramaic tribes in the north to a rebellion against Kummuh. As 743 Sarduri II drew against Kuštašpi of Kummuh, the city Uita destroyed and laid siege to the royal city of HalPa, submitted himself to the king of Kummuh and was used by the Urartians again. He paid after the Sarduri report as a tribute 40 mines gold, 800 silver mines, 3000 piece Textiles, 200 bronze shields and much more. 743, in the third year of Tiglath- pileser III. then report the annals of a win against Sarduri of Urartu, Matu - Ilu of Arpad, Sulumal of Melidu and Tarhulara of Gurgum. Tiglath- pileser III. also reported a win over Sarduri in istan and HalPa, districts of Kummuhi. He occupies the Urartian camp, but the king can escape. The heartland of Kummuh was later than 708 BC, during the reign of Sargon II, annexed and the Assyrian province. This was under the General to the left ( turtānu šumēlu ).

709 allied itself Mutallu of Kummuh with Argišti II, but was then re- Assyrian vassal. Under Sargon II a part of Melid was shortly affiliated with Kummuh, to whose king was deposed Mutallu 708. Kummuh stood until 612 under Assyrian rule.

From Assyrian sources four kings are known:

Inscriptions

  • Ancoz
  • Hieroglyphic inscription of Boybeypınarı, Adiyaman province, northern slope of the Kızıl Dağ, secondary installed in a wall, discovered in 1931 ( Museum Ankara)
  • Adiyaman I and II, excavations in Eski Kâhta
  • Samsat
Hittites Adad-nirari III. Sarduri II. Arpad, Syria
491225
de