Kunya (Arabic)

The Kunya (Arabic كنية ) is next to the Ism ( real name ), the Nasab and Nisba one of the four essential components of the Arabic personal name. It has the name bearer as a " father of so and so " ( Abū. .. ) or the namesake as the "mother of so and so " ( Umm. ..) and is thus a typical Teknonym. In the arrangement of the parts of the name Kunya usually appear in the first place, so Kosegarten has translated the term as " first name ".

Originally the Kunya taught by the oldest son's name, so the Caliph Umar ibn al - Khattab had for his son ʿ Abd Abū ʿ Abd the Kunya, and the Prophet Mohammed was named after his first son al - Qāsim Abū l - Qāsim. For the first generations, however, some men are known whose Kunya refers to a female name. In place of the Son of name also a noun could occur that a particular attribute of the wearer's name highlighted (eg Abū Schama "the one with the birthmark " or Abū Hurayrah, " the kitten with the "). Later, the Kunya was often used to express wishes for the name of carrier or to bring blessings on him. An example of this is the Kunya Abū l - Faraj ( "father of joy "), which was like the famous Arab historian Abū l - Faraj al -Isfahani.

In some individuals, Kunya designation was so significant that she urged the Ism names in the background and had forgotten. Well-known examples were Abu Taalib ibn ʿ Abd al - Muttalib, Abu Lahab and Umm Sulaym the prophets companion, when you did not know if her real name Rumaisa ʾ, Ghumaisā ʾ, Rumaitha, Rumaila, Sahla or ANIFA was.

The background for the emergence of Kunya designation is not entirely clear. It is assumed that the widespread among primitive peoples names taboo here has played a role. The Kunya would therefore be a way to avoid the use of the real name ( ISM) in an individual. Then also indicated by the Arabic word kunya itself, which is derived from the same root as kināya ( " allusion, indirection expression ").

The address of a person with the Kunya has always been considered a mark of honor, as it was held inverted for ungentlemanly to use the Kunya when they spoke of their own person. As the honorary title Kunya was initially "pure" Arabs reserved until the Abbasid period were non-Muslims, who had become mawali Arab tribes, wear it. Some people had two Kunyas, one for war and one for peace.

Later Kunya names were compiled in their own dictionaries. One example is the Kitāb al - Kuna ( "Book of Kunya - names" ) of Muslim ibn al - Hajjaj. Some Kunyas were so popular that they developed into a Ism name. The best known example is the Ism Abū Bakr, derived from the first caliph Abu Bakr of Kunya, whose real Ism ʿ Abd was. Other Kunya names have theological discussions as Abū ʿ caused Īsā ("Father of Jesus " ), as such, according to Christian doctrine even after the Islamic view of Jesus has no human father. Some of these carriers Kunya was subsequently changed the Kunya in Abū ʿ Abd. Even greater problems called Muhammad Kunya Abū l - Qāsim out because it was a prophetic word that says, " Uses Ism my name but not my Kunya " ( Sammu bi- smi wa - laa tukannū bi- kunyatī ). Since Abū l - Qāsim was a very popular Kunya, one has the Hadith usually adjusted in such a way to the reality that it was derived from only the prohibition of the combination of the Kunya Abū l - Qāsim and the Ism Muhammad in a person.

Also many animals, plants, places, and foods are labeled with a Kunya. An example of a Kunya toponym is the name Abū Qubais for the mountain of Mecca.

In modern Arabic usage, the term has kunya so far changed in meaning, as he has become a general term for a family name.

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