Kyasanur forest disease

The Kyasanur Forest Fever ( ' Kyasanur Forest disease, Eng. Kyasanur Forest Disease, KFD ) is an infectious disease that is caused by arbovirus KFD virus.

Classification

Order: Nidovirales, family: Flaviviridae, genus arbovirus. s RNA virus, enveloped, linear, non- segmented.

Transmission

The virus is transmitted by the bite of the nymphs of different species of ticks (eg Haemaphysalis spinigera ). Reservoir of virus are small rodents. Secondary hosts are birds and bats that provide primarily for the dissemination of infected ticks. Monkeys and man are random hosts and also serve as a reservoir. The pathogen is highly infectious for laboratory personnel, accordingly appropriate security measures should be adhered to.

Occurrence

South-west India ( Karnataka ), North - East Pakistan ( Rawalpindi ).

History

For the first time the virus was discovered in 1955-1957 in a forest area on the southwest coast of India ( Mysore ). First, the disease appeared as a zoonosis that affected ( "Monkey disease" ) several monkeys. Only later diseased humans. At the beginning it was classified to a variant of the Russian tick encephalitis. It was only in 1990, it was recognized as a distinct disease. Host animals do not become ill.

Clinic

After an incubation period of three to seven days, its fever, headache, joint and muscle pain. As a complication can be added a hemorrhagic -onset form ( bleeding from the mouth, nose, and gastrointestinal tract). Most symptoms disappear after a week, but it is possible a second increase in fever with meningismus. The mortality rate ( mortality) can be between 5 and 15% lie.

Therapy

No specific therapy does not exist, vaccines being worked on. The diagnosis is made by means of immunochemistry or virus detection.

Prevention

In areas endemic for tick protection is displayed ( repellents, closed light-colored clothing, regular self-examination for ticks ). The contact with infected persons should be avoided. After IfSG § 6 of the suspected disease, the disease and the death of virus -induced hemorrhagic fever are notifiable.