Lake Taymyr

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Cryptodepression

The Taimyrsee (Russian Таймырское озеро / Taimyrskoje Ozero ) is an approximately 4560 km ² large lake at the Taimyra in the north of Russia located on the north of the Krasnoyarsk region in northern Siberia Taimyr peninsula. Apart from the Eurasian Caspian Sea, it is after Lake Baikal is the second largest lake in the Asian part of Russia.

Geography

Geographical location

The Taimyrsee is just 900 km across and north of the Arctic Circle in the northern part of the south of the Taimyrsenke to 1125 m high Byrrangagebirges, with its north-western sea arm pierces the mountains to the north. As part of the Tundra it is surrounded by mountains up to 663 m north of the lake are high. He is Bathed by the roughly 640 km long Taimyra that feeds Upper Taimyra from the southwest into the lake and these as Lower Taimyra north- northwestward leaves, the Byrrangagebirge northward flows and flows into the eastern part of the Kara Sea. On the shore there are no settlements, but some 210 km south of the Südwestarms ( Baikuraneru ) lies on the River Chatanga the village Chatanga.

The Taimyrsee borders, founded on 23 February 1979 as a nature reserve, five-part Taimyr Biosphere Reserve, which was designated in 1995 by the UNESCO as a Biosphere Reserve and about 2.72 million km ² is large.

Data

The approximately 4560 km ² large Taimyrsee has about 12.8 km ³ content. The lake is in east-west direction about 165 km in north-south direction approximately 135 km long, although it is usually divided rather narrow compared to these dimensions. With an average depth of about 2.8 m, it is a maximum of about 26 m deep. The lake basin, which was filled in the Ice Age glaciers, presents with its water level to an average of about 6 m height crypto- depression is because its base about 20 feet below sea level. Its catchment area covers approximately 104,300 km ².

Landscape

The Taimyrsee as part of the Tundra with its marshes has an irregular shape with numerous Seearmen. While the northern shores are divided quite steep and partly rocky along the Byrrangagebirges prevail south to Taimyrsenke down rather gently sloping, sandy gravel soils. In the lake there are besides some islands about 20 larger islands, in the western part of many rocky and sandy in the eastern part of the Sokolov - Mikitova.

Inflows, outflows and neighboring lakes

In addition to the Upper Taimyra as a main tributary of the Taimyrsee of many rivers is fed, including Olenja (north), Severnaya and Sapadnaja (both North-East), Bikada - Nguoma ( East), Jamutarida (south), Kalamissamo ( southwest), Ledjanaja (west) and Ugolnaja and Chernyye Yary (both northwest). Part of the water comes from surrounding mountain lakes; for example, the Ledjanaja is powered by the Krasnaya that flows through about 10 km west of the Ledjanaja Bay ( Seewestteil ) located Loewinson - Lessing Lake. The only outlet is the Lower Taimyra.

In particular, in the southwest, south and southeast of the Taimyrsee of very large number of small lakes surrounded. This includes the approximately 35 km east-southeast of Jamuneru Bay ( Seeostteil ) lying Kungasalachsee ( ⊙ 74.588055555556107.22805555556 ) and around 75 km south-east of this bay located Portnjaginosee ( ⊙ 74.150555555556107.1125 ) and located near the Taimyra influence in the Taimyrsee Baikuraturkusee ( ⊙ 74.04222222222299.904166666667 ), all of which are quite large.

Climate, ice and hydrology

The average temperature of the Taimyrseewassers is in winter at 0-1 ° C and in August at 7 to 8 ° C, that of the air is the coldest month - 13.4 ° C and in the warmest month (July) at - 12.3 ° C. Every year the lake from late September to June is covered by a 2-3 m thick layer of ice - the average ice-free period includes only 73 days. Despite productive winter rainfall, strong winds and flat terrain prevent the formation of a significant snow cover on the ice of the lake and in the permafrost of the tundra. The frequent summer storms call due to the small depth of the lake produced a strong water turbidity. The water level on average about 6 m above sea level experiences a seasonal decline to only 1.5 m, the area of ​​the lake shrinks to a mere 1200 km ²; hence the Taimyrsee plays a regulatory role for the water balance of the Lower Taimyra, the backwater caused by the ice cream stand for a long time restricts the seawater drain. By early summer, the water level begins to rise again, which lasts until August.

Flora and Fauna

The Taimyrsee has no species-rich flora, which is why the food chain of aquatic animals based on phytoplankton. It abounds in Arctic waters for typical species of fish like carps, salmon fish ( such as trout, salmon, whitefish and Omule ) and whitefish. Despite the remoteness of the region overexploitation is operated in some fish species. For example, on lake islands nesting Red-breasted geese and birds.

Pollution

In the sediments of the Taymyrsees light plutonium levels were observed. This is perhaps a result of the many carried out by the Soviet Union during the Cold War atmospheric nuclear tests on Novaya Zemlya, where particles were transported by wind to sea.