Leopold III, Duke of Austria
Leopold III. the righteous ( born November 1, 1351 Vienna, † July 9, 1386 in Sempach ) from the House of Habsburg was Duke of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola.
Life
Leopold was the son of Duke Albrecht II the wise ( lame ) and Johanna, daughter of Ulrich II ( Count of Pfirt ).
Regarding his successor Albert II had in 1355 a Habsburg House Rules adopted so that the sons should have led jointly and equally by the government. When he died on 20 July 1358 due to the immaturity of the three younger sons took over the oldest, Rudolf IV the Founder, the government alone. 1364 decided this, the Rudolfinian house rules to what the Habsburg lands held in common are all brothers. A document showing the signatures of all three brothers ( the second oldest, Frederick III. , Died already in 1362 ), is the famous letter founding the University of Vienna 1365th
Just a few months later but died Rudolf IV surprising 26- year and the two brothers Albert III. with the braid (15 or 16 years old ) and Leopold (14 years old) shared the government. The formal investiture was made by Emperor Charles IV Due to the higher age Albrecht was the leading role in the joint government action to what is described in the traditional differences in the disposition of the two brothers, Leopold is as ambitious and eager for action, Albrecht, however, as a prudent, soon to always resulted in higher voltages.
The Peace of Schärding 1369, the Habsburg possession of Tyrol had been recognized by the Wittelsbach family. 1373 the brothers divided the management of possessions fix among themselves: Leopold was Regent of Tyrol and the foreland. Finally, probably also to prevent an open fight, both the government and the possession of the Habsburg lands divided:
Through the Neuberger division agreement dated September 25, 1379 Leopold was awarded ( with Wiener Neustadt ), Carinthia, Carniola, the Windische Mark, Gorizia and estates in Friuli and the County of Tyrol and Further Austria to the west of the Arlberg, the duchies of Styria.
This is also how the momentous division of the Habsburg dynasty in the Leopoldinische and Albertine line.
1368 to Freiburg im Breisgau voluntarily assumed Leopold, after the city of Egino III. had ransomed; 1374 Leopold inherited the property in Istria Gorizia and the Windisch Mark with Möttling 1375 came Feldkirch, 1382 Trieste also added. In the 1380s Leopold tried (eg, Meran ) to promote targeted privileges of cities in Tirol trade. This contributed to the rise of the bourgeoisie in the cities with. As a cousin of John IV ( Habsburg- Laufenburg ) he bought on April 27, 1386 from this town and estate Laufenburg to 12,000 guilders.
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Leopold tried to expand its position in the West. So he got the Reichsvogtei over Basel and was the city after the evil carnival 1376 bring for a decade under Habsburg domination. However, he suffered in 1386 against the Confederates at the Battle of Sempach a sensational defeat and fell himself in battle. He had already been erected in Wiener Neustadt a crypt chapel in the castle itself, but was buried in the church of the Monastery of Königsfelden at Brugg. His final resting place, he found after several reburials in the Collegiate Church crypt of the monastery of St. Paul in the Lavant valley in Carinthia.
Progeny
Leopold was since 1365 in Vienna with the Duke of Milan 's daughter Viridis Visconti (* around 1350 in Milan, † before March 1, 1414 in Milan ), daughter of Bernabo Visconti and his wife Princess Beatrice della Scala married.
- William the Ambitious and the friendly (1370-1406), Duke of Austria ∞ 1401 Princess Johanna of Naples a.d.H. Anjou, daughter of King Charles III. of Naples, and his wife Princess Margaret of Durazzo.
- Leopold IV of Habsburg to the thickness (1371-1411), Duke of Austria ∞ 1393 Princess Catherine of Burgundy, daughter of Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy and his wife Countess Margaret of Flanders.
- Ernst the Iron (1377-1424), Duke of Austria and Styria ∞ 1392 Princess Margaret of Pomerania, daughter of the Duke of Pomerania Bogislaw V. and his wife Princess Adelheid of Brunswick- Grubenhagen
- ∞ 1412 Zymburgis of Mazovia, daughter of the Duke of Mazovia Ziemowit IV and his wife, Grand Duchess Alexandra of Lithuania.
- Frederick IV of Habsburg, the Empty Pockets (1382-1439), Duke of Austria and Count of Tyrol ∞ 1406 Princess Elizabeth of the Palatinate, daughter of the Roman-German King Ruprecht (III ) and his wife Countess Elizabeth Castle of Hohenzollern- Nuremberg, daughter of Viscount Frederick V. ∞ 1410 Princess Anna of Brunswick- Göttingen ( 1390-1432 ), daughter of Duke Frederick of Brunswick- Göttingen and his wife Princess Anna of Saxony.
Guardian for the death of Leopold III. still underage sons and become the sole ruler of all Habsburg territories but brother Albert, who is thus the actual " successor " of Leopold. After the death of Albrecht ( 1395 ), his son Albrecht IV assumes the regency, but soon succeeds the sons of Leopold to participate again in the government.
These descendants of Leopold and their descendants form the Leopold's line of Habsburgs, who, after the extinction of the primogeniture of the Albertine after his brother Ladislaus Postumus by 1457 at the latest from Emperor Maximilian I ( 1459-1519 ) brings the house of Austria. After the death of Emperor Charles VI. the male Habsburgs in 1740 were extinct. The noble house of Habsburg -Lorraine was born in 1736 with the marriage of the Duke of Lorraine, Francis Stephen, with Maria Theresa, the heiress of the Habsburg dynasty that continues to this day as the Habsburg- Lorraine.