Leucanthemum vulgare
Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare ) Illustration: (2) zygomorphe ray floret with three corolla lobes, (3 ), (4 ) and ( 5) radiärsymmetrische tubular corolla.
The Leucanthemum vulgare (Leucanthemum vulgare ), also called meadows marigold, the eponymous species of the genus of daisies in the family Asteraceae is (Asteraceae).
Description
The meadows vulgare is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches the plant height of 30 to 60 centimeters. Your angular stem is erect and usually unbranched. The spatula-shaped leaves are arranged opposite one another. The lower leaves are usually serrated coarse, the upper less.
The basket- shaped flowers of the daisy have a diameter of four to six inches and spread especially when withering an unpleasant odor, they are each terminally on the stems. The lanceolate bracts are mostly bald with black edges brown. The basket- shaped inflorescence may also be referred to as a flower, in botany you mean by that the biological unit pollination of flowering plants. The whole basket- shaped inflorescence is used to attract pollinating insects, serve the white ray florets as the setting bodies and only the florets are fertile. The pure white ray florets are 6 mm wide; The tubular flowers are golden yellow contrast. The flowers appear from May to September. Are formed zehnrippige achenes, which are about 4 millimeters long.
Ecology
The meadows vulgare is a perennial, deep -rooted Hemikryptophyt that can develop lawn over time. The contrasting inflorescence from the "basket flower type " consists of 20-25 white, female ray florets and yellow gold 300-400, hermaphroditic disc florets; he is so gynomonözisch. He serves as the setting body for pollinators such as wild bees, wasps, flies, beetles and butterflies. But it can also take place spontaneously self-pollination.
The fruits are achenes with lasting Kronrest. They spread as wind and animal spreader; but it also takes place water detention and random dispersal by ungulates. Fruit ripening is September to October.
Toxicology
The meadows -Marguerite is not poisonous, but almost all plant parts can trigger in contact with skin contact allergies. She is involved with safety on the airborne contact dermatitis; it speaks especially their phototoxic effect, which is caused by polyacetylenes.
Occurrence
Meadow daisies are spread throughout Europe, a kind is even penetrated as far as Asia ( ircutianum Leucanthemum, named after the Siberian city of Irkutsk ). In Germany, Austria and Switzerland this species is very common everywhere.
The species grows primarily on nutrient-rich meadows, pastures, ruderal and cultivated fields; often they are found as a pioneer plant in Meadow Neusaaten eg on motorways.
System
The systematic relationships within the genus Leucanthemum are the subject of current molecular systematic research. The previous Leucanthemum vulgare Leucanthemum and atratum aggregates can not be maintained probably. With relative certainty of North Africa can be considered as the origin of the species. Overall, the genus Leucanthemum presented due to the frequent Polyploidisierungsereignisse during their evolution as systematically difficult to be organized in a monophyletic group.
Man and Marguerite
Daisies are also popular ornamental plants. They are used as garden or pot plants and sold as cut flowers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the daisies were the subject of daisies days when all roads were festively decorated with daisies and sold for charity art flowers in the shape of daisies.