Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
The Encyclopedia of Indo-European verbs ( LIV) is an etymological dictionary of protoindogermanischen verb. It was built under the direction of Helmut Rix. The first edition was published in 1998, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag Wiesbaden, the second ( ISBN 3-89500-219-4 ) was published in 2001.
The book is largely based on the Indo-European etymological dictionary of Julius Pokorny, however, the roots reconstructed as the first Indo-European dictionary solely on the basis of the laryngeal theory.
Taking and critique
- The evidence base for some root approaches is considered by Seebold as insufficient because sometimes only a single daughter language is specified. The LIV countered this criticism with the argument that the assessment of approaches due to the evidence base should be left to the reader.
- Criticism of the next word meanings is referred to as LIV " rule entitled ".
- Meier - Brügger refers to the verbal system of the LIV careful as to wish to vote for "adequate and consensus ", without any analysis of H. Rix in detail.
- Fortson called the LIV very useful and up to date. He also mentions that some places are debatable, but without more detail to specify this.
The verbal system in LIV
The grammatical demolition of the LIV represents the hypothesis that in the Primitive Indo-European (finished: for example, * leh ₂ p- ' light ') first a distinction between two types of action, namely telic verbs and atelischen (unfinished, continuously, * b ʰ eh ₂ - shine ', shine, shine ') have passed.
There had then been a transition to an aspect of the system with the main categories aorist ( perfective ) and present tense ( imperfective ). The telic verbs were interpreted as aorist, and the lack of presence was ( ₂ to * leh p: * LH by an n - infix ₂ -né -p- ) and various suffixes (* LH ₂ p- SKE ) in which came from old Aktionsartkategorien. The atelischen verbs were interpreted as present tense and the aorist suffix -s- denoted by the newly formed.
This approach is intended to explain the following phenomena:
- Some verbs form Wurzelpräsentien (Latin duco ' I prefer, run ' from * Deuk ) with derived therefrom s- aorist ( in Latin Perfect: Duxi ' I have drawn out ' dūksī, spoken from * Deuk -s- ).
- Others, however, form a root- (Latin vici ' I won ' from * UEIK ) derived with the present tense ( vinco I siege ' from * UI nk ).
- Derived present tense are formed differently (some even with the same verb as in * LH ₂ -né -p- / * LH ₂ p- SKE ). This explains the LIV with the existence of different age Aktionsartkategorien, which were all absorbed into the newly formed present tense.
In addition to the present and the aorist, the LIV is further categories, namely, the Perfect, the causative - iterative, the Desiderativ, the Intensivum (repeated realization ), the Fientiv (entrance of the subject into a new state ) and the essive ( state of subject ).
Lemmas
The dictionary part contains, for each lemma ( each verbal root )
- The presumed importance
- The reconstructed tribes with their reflexes in the daughter languages
- Extensive footnotes ( references, references to dubious and alternative derivations etc. )
- Cross-references to the relevant page in Indo-European etymological dictionary.
Appendix
The appendix contains a declining root index, an index of the reconstructed root formation and an index of the individual linguistic word forms.