Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao (Chinese李清照, Pinyin lǐ Qingzhao, W.-G. Li Ch'ing -chao, * 1084, † 1155? ) Poet Name Yi'an jushi易 安居士or Li Yi'an, most famous classical poet and literary figure in China, lived during the song Dynasty. She became famous mainly for its ci- poems词, sealed to certain melodies, lyrical texts, also known as " songs ". This includes a Li Qingzhao first defined poetics of ci- poetry, the Cilun词 论. Li Qingzhao is considered Vollenderin the "female" school within the ci- poetry, the Wanyuepai婉约 派, as opposed to " male ", the Haofangpai豪放派, which goes back to Su Shi. Especially popular is Li Qingzhao for their " Subsequent preface to the catalog of inscriptions on bronze and stone ," Jinshilu houxu金石 录 后 序, an autobiographical text in which it, inter alia, the first happy time of her marriage with Zhao Mingcheng portrays. It, thus, an ideal picture of a correlated, friendly relationship between spouses, which inspires to this day. This text will still read in school, in the PRC as in Taiwan. Controversial is her second marriage and the letter in which she expresses herself about, and their authorship of a number of ci- poems.

Biography

Li Qingzhao, born in Jinan, was the first child of the literati - officials Li李 格 非Gefei (*, ? † after 1106 epithet Wenshu文 叔) and a literate mother (surname Wang王). Li Qingzhao was taught as a son. Her father was, and many other influential poets and literati friends with the famous poet Su Shi of his time. In the year 1101, with about 18 years, she was married to Zhao Mingcheng赵明诚(* 1081, † 1129, epithet Defu德 父), son of Zhao赵 挺 之Tingzhi (* 1040, † 1107 ). Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao shared an interest in literature, calligraphy, art and antiques. The couple lived initially in the former capital of Kaifeng, after many years in the country, in Qingzhou, where Zhao Mingchengs family had retired. The marriage remained childless; it was overshadowed by the political power struggles, in which Zhao Mingchengs father was involved, so that Zhao Mingcheng long time got no official posts. Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao designed over the years to an extensive collection of books, paintings, objets d'art and antiques as victims vessels, tripods and other Zeremonialgeräten; Zhao Mingcheng wrote a 'catalog of inscriptions on bronze and stone, " the Jinshilu to the Li Qingzhao later the famous Subsequent preface, the Houxu. 1126, shortly before the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, during a trip to the South, they had the majority of their collection to leave, in 1127, the house was reduced to rubble and ashes. 1129 died Zhao Mingcheng, on the journey to Huzhou, where he was to start a new post. Li Qingzhao hit with the remnants of the collection by Hangzhou, where the imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty resided. In the summer of 1132 married Qingzhao Li Zhang Ruzhou张汝 舟, but enough already three months after the divorce, and Zhang showed Ruzhou also for embezzlement of state funds at. Although Zhang Ruzhou was sentenced, the accusation was so well-founded, this indicator also brought a Li Qingzhao a prison sentence, she was sentenced to two years. Then she turned for help to an influential relatives Mingchengs Zhao, Qi Chongli綦 崇礼(* 1083, † 1142 ), who cared for her release after she had been nine days in jail. In a letter of thanks to Qi Chongli put them in autumn 1132 the matter in detail dar. 1134 she wrote a treatise on the "Game of the horses ", with description and rules of a now lost board game with different play modes as well as two pitches and Information on preparation of the figures, and with an autobiographical preface. 1135 was followed by the Houxu, the " Subsequent preface to the catalog of inscriptions on bronze and stone "; both she filed later in the imperial court. In the following years she continued wrote poems and congratulations verses that she filed at the imperial court, at least until the year 1151st There is neither a grave nor an obituary. When and where she died is unknown.

From the end of the Song Dynasty until the 20th century, the second marriage Li Qingzhaos was either not mentioned or denied. The letter was referred to as a forgery, the enemies or envious people have written to damage their reputation. However, there are at least seven independent sources from the Song period before mentioning the marriage with Zhang Ruzhou, partly by contemporaries Li Qingzhaos; the letter is handed in at least two sources. It is now generally assumed that the second marriage has taken place.

Work

Li Qingzhaos work is preserved only to a smaller extent. In the letter to Qi Chongli and at 30-50 ci- poems their authorship is considered not secure. Be Attributed their 79 ci- poems, 18 shi poems, some with political content, a fu - poem, some individual verses and fragments, as well as five prose texts: the Cilun, the poetics of ci- poetry, the letter to Qi Chongli that Damatu jing, the treatise on the "Game of the horses ," the Damatu jing Zixu the associated autobiographical preface, and the Jinshilu Houxu, the " Subsequent preface to the catalog of inscriptions on bronze and stone."

In the resulting oeuvre Li Qingzhaos the most lyrical and more prosaic genres are represented. The ci poems are aesthetically and technically sophisticated masterpieces. The prose texts are in the literary tradition of the poet, it is perfectly formed texts, illustrated by many, often rare quotations and allusions to classical literature.

Others

Excerpt from one of their most famous ci- poems:

寻 寻觅 觅, 冷冷清清, 凄凄 惨惨 戚戚.

Search Search aspire aspire / cold cold crisp clear / Lonely lonely miserable miserable sad sad. I search and search, / I button and key, / everything cold and empty.

It is the beginning of the poem Shengshengman. This poem input is very famous, among other things because each character occurring in the three lines occur twice.

According to her, the Li Ch'ing- Chao crater is named on the planet Venus.

Editions and translations

• Chinese woman poetry. Tzi - poetry of the Sung period of Li Ching- Chao and Chu Shu - chen. Ed and the Dt. speak. Ernst Schwarz. dtv, Munich 1985. ( rhymed adaptations )
• Li Qing Zhao: poems. Introd u Übers by Ng Hong - Chiok and Anne Engelhardt. Self- Verlag, Bonn 1985.
• Dorothee Dauber: Polished Jade. To the myth of the Song poet Li Qingzhao (1084 - 1155? ). Lang, Frankfurt am Main ( and others) 2000. ( With interlinear versions of translated ci- poems, annotated translations of Cilun, the Houxu and the controversial letter, including detailed information on the many different transfers and adaptations of her poetry and prose. )

Musical settings

• Kalevi Aho: Kiinalaisia ​​lauluja (Chinese songs; texts: Li Qingzhao /李清照lǐ Qingzhao in Finnish paraphrase of Pertti Nieminen ), UA: November 26, 1997