Linux Professional Institute

Jim Lacey, President and CEO

Klaus Behrla ( first Chairman), Reiner Brandt (2nd Chair)

The Linux Professional Institute (LPI ) is a company incorporated in New Brunswick, Canada 1999 non-profit organization that develops professional certifications for the operating system GNU / Linux which is independent of software or training providers ( ie largely distribution independent) are. So far is a certification program, Linux Professional Institute Certification ( LPIC short ), offered the first stage examines general knowledge of Linux, as it is important for " power users ", system administrators, developers or consultants. The higher levels tend clearly towards system administration. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the Linux Professional Institute is represented by the founded in 2003 in Karlsruhe LPI.

8.1 Checking 201
8.2 Checking 202

9.1 exam LPI -300 ( " Mixed Environments" )
9.2 exam LPI -303 ( "Security" )
9.3 exam LPI -304 ( " High availability and virtualization " )
9.4 exam LPI -305 ( " Mail and Messaging " )
9.5 exam LPI -306 ("Web and Intranet" )
9.6 since the end of 2013 retired: Exam LPI -301 ( " Core" )
9.7 since the end of 2013 retired: Exam LPI -302 ( " Mixed Environments" )

Construction

LPI offers testing, which in their sequence to the certificates LPIC -1 ( "Junior Level Linux Professional" ), LPIC -2 ( "Advanced Level Linux Professional " ) and LPIC -3 ( "Senior Level Linux Professional" ) lead. For LPIC -1 and LPIC -2 exams may be taken two; LPIC -3 consists of a basic exam, LPI -301 (which alone leads to the acquisition of the certificate ), and optional specialization exams. The LPI exams can be taken in any order, but you get a certificate only if all conditions are met for the acquisition, and that includes in addition to the passing the tests of the relevant level on the holding of the certificate of the level below ( if there is a there ).

The exams themselves consist of 60 questions ( LPI 301: 50), which must be answered in a maximum of 90 minutes. The questions are either multiple-choice questions with either a multiple choice or text to questions where the answer (typically the name of a file or commands) you have to type.

There are two options for storing LPI exams:

About the test center of Pearson VUE, where the examinations shall be computerized. Thomson Prometric will for some time from any LPI exams more.
At events such as fairs and congresses ( CeBIT, LinuxTag, ... ), where the LPI offers at reduced prices tests on paper. If you mobilize a sufficient number of candidates, the LPI organized on other occasions paper checks.

Most tests are available not only in English but also in other languages ( German, Japanese, Chinese, French, Portuguese, Spanish).

The LPI makes no rules as to how to prepare for the exams (required courses, official learning materials, ...), but is limited for each exam " exam objectives " ( objectives ) to name and their contents briefly summarized. The " LPI ATM " program ( " LPI Approved Training Materials " ) was intended to certify learning materials for completeness in terms of the exam objectives and didactic sense to go, but was discontinued worldwide in 2009; it is the regional organizations of the LPI free to continue the program. To prepare for LPI exams there except LPI ATM Certified study materials books in bookstores, free or freely available study material from the Internet, and of course the classic Linux Howtos and manuals that are part of most Linux distributions.

The LPI has delivered worldwide since its launch in 1999, more than 245,000 certification exams and issued over 80,000 certificates. The discrepancy arises on the one hand, from the fact that two tests are necessary for most certificates, and on the other hand the fact that not every candidate is actually each test. More detailed data ( such as information about how the 80,000 certificates to LPIC -2 and LPIC -3 spread over the plains LPIC -1 ) is not published by the LPI.

Period of validity

LPIC certificates are in principle valid indefinitely; however, sets the LPI certificate holders " strongly encouraged " to recertify every 5 years at the latest ( and relined the order to set the status of existing certificates five years after the acquisition to inactive ). Originally no re-certification should be required; the change of the LPI was because it wanted to achieve accreditation from the National Organization for Competency Assurance ( NOCA ), a quality assurance organization of the certificate provider. One of the conditions of such an accreditation include a recertification mechanism. For a while, was a Rezertifizierungsfrist of 10 years. Recertification is achieved either by the re- deposition of the originally required for the certificate examinations or by taking the final examinations for a higher quality LPIC certificate, in which case the five years to be restarted for the lower Certificates ( via a special ruched recertification was thought the LPI, but currently this is no longer ) topic. What that means is someone who has taken the exam LPI101 on 2 September 2004 and on 1 March 2005 LPI102 gets a LPIC -1 certificate, which should be recertified by March 1, 2010. For this purpose he may either take the LPI101 - and -102- tests new or LPIC -2 tackle; he gets about April 1, 2008 issued a LPIC - 2 certificate, then both remain to be LPIC -1 as well as its LPIC- 2 certificate active until 31 March 2013. The LPI promises to revise the contents of the exam objectives of the individual tests in a 2.5 -year cycle, and recommends a re-certification at the same distance.

Somewhat more complicated is the recertification on the LPIC - 3 level. Here is that the actual LPIC -3 certification (which is acquired by passing the exam LPI -301 ) by either re-take of LPI -301 or by depositing any specialization exam (LPI - 302 to LPI -306 ) is recertified. Specialization exams you can currently only recertify by repeating the test in question.

Conduct of the examination

The order of the two tests ( x01 and x02, see below) is arbitrary. The tests are on a PC in one - made the monitored space - either by a person or a camera. There are a small number of different questionnaires that were each selected from a large pool of questions so that certain psychometric conditions are met (they are now and then reassembled in order to reduce the memory use of published protocols). The candidate gets one of these questionnaires submitted, the order of the questions can be arbitrary. It is permitted to skip questions or to correct answers already given within the examination period. The existence or non-existence is immediately displayed along with the number of points after completing the test on the screen. The examination center is on completion of the examination of a printout of the certificate on overall results and performance in the respective subject areas.

Alternatively, examinations are offered at trade shows and other events in which the candidate receives a printed list of questions on which are their own answer to be marked. These answer sheets are evaluated centrally by LPI. Until receipt of the test results it can in this case take several weeks.

The certificate (including a credit card-sized certificate card) will be shipped after reaching the minimum score in both tests by the LPI headquartered in Brampton, Ontario, Canada.

In case of failing the test, this can be repeated after at least one week. From the second failure to achieve the minimum number of points is to wait for a re- start of 30 days.

New exam content

Since April 1, 2009, there is new content in version 3.0 for the LPIC exams. The previous material has been supplemented by additional content and updates existing. The most extensive changes relate to the hardware part, which was radically reduced. It was last updated on 1 April 2012.

The next changes are LPIC -2 and LPIC - 3 concern. The new questions are valid for the LPIC - 2 exams from 1 November 2013 and for LPIC -3 from 1 October 2013.

Certificate " Linux Essentials"

Since June 2012, an additional certification program "Linux Essentials " is offered by the Linux Professional Institute, which is primarily aimed at schools and young people and to serve as an introduction to the open source world. The exam includes questions on Linux and open source community, common distributions, important open source applications and their use, licensing, working with desktop and command line, simple scripts in scripting languages such as Bash, Perl, and Python as well as questions about the safety and file permission. The current detailed learning objectives are to see.

Certificate LPIC -1 ( "Junior Level Linux Professional" )

To obtain this certificate, the tests must be passed 101 and 102. These tests are available in English, Japanese and German. You have 90 minutes each time for the exams.

Previously, you could choose between two versions of the test 101 (Red Hat, SUSE, Mandriva, ...) either questions about package management with rpm or contained with dpkg (Debian, Ubuntu, Xandros, ...). Since 2006, this is no longer possible; both areas will be examined.

Examination 101

Number of questions: 60 Duration: 90 min Minimum score: 500 (of 800 )

System Architecture

Linux Installation and Package Management

GNU and Unix commands

Drives, file systems, directory structure, and the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS )

Examination 102

Number of questions: 60 Duration: 90 min Minimum score: 500 (of 800 )

Shell scripts and SQL

User interface and desktop

Administrative tasks

Important system services

Network Basics

Security

Certificate LPIC -2 ( "Advanced Level Linux Professional " )

To obtain this certificate, the tests must be passed 201 and 202. These tests are available in English, Japanese and German.

You have 90 minutes each time for the exams. If the pilot questions are asked that are not included in the evaluation of the test, are 120 minutes time.

In principle, it is possible to take exams on LPIC - 2 level, before you acquired the LPIC -1 certification. However, you get the LPIC - 2 certificate itself only if one has an active LPIC -1 certification.

Examination 201

Number of questions: 60 Minimum score: 500 (of 800 ) topics:

Kernel
Startup
File system
Advanced Administration of Storage Devices
Network Configuration
DNS

Examination 202

Number of questions: 60 Minimum score: 500 (of 800 ) topics:

Web Services
Sharing Files
Management of network clients
E -mail services
System Security
Solve system problems

Certificate LPIC -3 ( "Senior Level Linux Professional" )

Since October 2013, the certification is no longer divided into a core and a specialization exam, but the Zertiikat is achieved by passing an exam. For this purpose, a new test 300 ( " Mixed Environments" ) was created which replaces both 301 and 302. The other specializations (currently 303 and 304) lead alone for LPIC -3 certification.

Exam LPI -300 ( " Mixed Environments" )

The exam LPI -300 is primarily concerned with Samba and the integration of Linux and Windows systems. Replaces Since October 2013, the tests 301 and 302

Exam LPI -303 ( "Security" )

The exam LPI -303 covers the themes of cryptography, access control lists (ACLs, SELinux, other MAC systems ), application security (DNS, Apache, FTP, OpenSSH, ...), operating and network security. Passing this exam leads to specialization " LPI 303: Security ".

Exam LPI -304 ( " High availability and virtualization " )

The exam LPI -304 addressed the issues of virtualization (Xen, KVM, and other ), load balancing and redundant storage, cluster management and message infrastructure for high availability. Passing this exam leads to specialization " LPI 304: Virtualization and High Availability ".

Exam LPI -305 ( " Mail and Messaging " )

This test is in preparation. With his work on LPI -305 was started in 2010.

Exam LPI -306 ("Web and Intranet" )

This test is being planned.

Since the end of 2013 retired: Exam LPI -301 ( " Core" )

The exam LPI -301 deals with the LDAP directory service, authentication, troubleshooting, network integration and capacity planning. In contrast to the other LPI exams, the exam LPI -301 includes only 50 questions instead of 60; the duration is still 90 minutes.

Since the end of 2013 retired: Exam LPI -302 ( " Mixed Environments" )

The exam LPI -302 is primarily concerned with Samba and the integration of Linux and Windows systems.

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