Linzgau

The Linzgau is a landscape in the south of Baden -Württemberg. It is bordered to the south of Lake Constance and in the east of the Schussen and ranges in the west to about Überlingen and north into the Pfullendorf.

• 2.1 Landscape

History

The name came originally from a Latin derivative of the Celtic river name Lentia, which was later replaced by the German name Linzer Aach (also Seefeld Aach ). The vorgermanische name is still in place names Linz ( today Aach -Linz, City Pfullendorf ), a place near the source of Aach.

Pre-and Early History

The oldest recorded settlement of Linzgau belongs to the Mesolithic period (8000-5500 BC). Very well known and archaeologically significant are the Neolithic pile dwellings on the shores of Lake Constance, but also in Egelsee at Ruhestetten, which were also built in the Bronze Age (2200-800 BC) repeatedly. Since the late Hallstatt period in the 6th century BC, the population of the Linzgau can safely be described as Celtic ( grave mound at Hödingen, Salem and Stetten ). In late Celtic period ( 1st century BC), from the example reflects a Viereckschanze at Aach -Linz, came today Linzgau in the sphere of influence of the Roman Empire, to which he belonged AD until the end of the 3rd century. Roman settlements existed among others Bambergen, Meersburg and Mettenbuch.

After the Romans left behind the Rhine Germanic groups began to settle in Linzgau. The old Celtic river name was the tribe of the Alemanni part Lentienser that are mentioned in the 4th century AD, the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus, his name. The extent of their tribal territory in the migration period can not be reconstructed, it was probably larger than the later designated by the name Linzgau areas. Archaeological remains of early Alemanni are rare in Linzgau. Only a Nachbestattung in a Hallstatt grave hills of Salem and a woman's grave at Bruckfelden can be previously mentioned here. Not much denser the settlement of the early Middle Ages ( in the 6th century AD conquered by the Franks ) seems to have been, as evidence of the typical series cemeteries, as well as in the west adjacent Upper Swabia, previously could only be found rarely.

Middle Ages

With the division of the Frankish Empire in counties in the Early Middle Ages the Linzgau appears as Gaugrafschaft with seat and center in the former castle Altheiligenberg north of Lake Constance between Hegau and Argengau ( 771 in pago Linzgauvia, St. Gallen Urkundenbuch 1.59 ). In the year 764 is in a document of the Abbey of St. Gall already called a Count Warin. The eastern part of Linzgau was also referred to as Schussengau.

The scope of the Middle Ages is described for example in a Lehnsbrief King Wenceslas of 1382 for Count Albrecht of Werdenberg: The border ran from the bridge over the Rhine at the monastery Peter Hausen ( city of Konstanz ), zur Linde in Dingelsdorf, across the lake to Ludwigshafen, from there via Nesselwangen to the Grey stone on the road between Ruhestetten and Aach -Linz. Next from a mill in Pfullendorf a landmark at Ostrach and the Fountain of Riedhausen in the Schussen in mountain. From there Schussen Lake Constance and form the border to return to Peter Hausen.

In the church organization, the Dean's Office was called to the north of Lake Country Chapter Linzgau ( 1324 capitulum decanatus Lintzgöye )

In 1135, the Count of the Holy Mountain received the country Linzgau County, of which it passed in 1277 to the Counts of Berg and 1535 Fürstenberger. During the Middle Ages the name of the Count seat Heiligenberg went over the whole county, so that the name Linzgau was supplanted by the term county Heiligenberg.

Modern Times

In the train of mediatization early 19th century, much of the former Linzgau fell to the Grand Duchy of Baden, so that the name was often used as a synonym for the Baden district of Überlingen. Today, the former Linzgau in Lake Constance lies in the southwest of the district of Ravensburg, in the south of the district of Sigmaringen.

The Linzgau today

Apart from the Catholic Deanery Linzgau the Linzgau is still not an officially used landscape designation and less known than, say, the adjacent Hegau. It is, however, always remained common and wins in recent years again in popularity, such as the designation of the built around 1990 shopping center in Pfullendorf as Linzgau Center or the self-designation Mark village as the pearl of Linzgaus shows.

Also, the regional tourist office is called " Bodensee- Tourismus eV Linzgau " and coordinates the activities of the six tourist resorts Daisendorf Frickingen, Heiligenberg, stove cheek Schoenach, Owingen and Salem.

The upper part of landscape Linzgau includes the higher-lying communities about Pfullendorf to Illmensee.

Landscape

The whole Linzgau is overprinted glacial. The Lake Constance adjacent low-lying landscapes are favored by the Bodensee Air and therefore fruit and wine growing regions. The landscape is flat, wavy, but places by round hills fields ( drumlins ) in which have been ground out by the action of the Rhine glacier in the last ice age.

The upper Linzgau is offset by locally steep drop-offs from the Lake Constance region and climate significantly harsher. It reaches a height of up to 833 m above sea level. NN ( Supreme ), so here is already prevalent subalpine climate. Characteristic here are elongated moraine ridges of alpine rock material that has been deposited at the end of the glacier. Width of peat and reed areas and individual lakes dominate the landscape, especially in the Northeast.

The Linzgau is largely rural in character, only on the shores of Lake Constance, the population is denser and there are also major industrial companies. The largest cities are Überlingen, Pfullendorf and Mark village. The west- east along the lake and runs parallel to highways 31 and 33 and the Lake Constance belt rail are the only inter-regional traffic connections that pass through the Linzgau.