Lip reading

Lip-reading or reading or refraining from mouth refers to the visual recognition of speech over the lip movements of the speaker. The different sounds at different respective positions of the lips and mouth region, including the externally visible tongue position are referred to as mouth image.

Applications

Deaf and profoundly hard of hearing can not, or only capture a small part in oral understanding the phonetic symbols. You are therefore directed in direct contact with other speakers on the technique of lip reading. Lip-reading is not the exclusive understanding way. Alternatives are available with sign language and with a written agreement.

Sign Language may also contain partially illustrated with mouth pictures or words coded symbols that are doing exceptionally not necessarily acoustically. Here, too, the technique of lip reading is applied.

Also, hard of hearing, are supplied with a hearing aid, can occasionally detect only fragments of the phonetic symbols clearly, then use it also in parallel with the "hearing" lip-reading.

To a certain extent, people use with unimpaired hearing unconsciously this technique to supplement or hedge the understanding of the auditory impression ( McGurk effect). In the awareness of this side effect penetrates in these cases only if, for example, when an originally foreign language film by the translation of the synchronization, the position of the mouth is much different than if they belonged to the volume would correspond.

In forensics mouth images are evaluated by experts, taking pictures when no recording is available. With the mouth images, the lack of sound recording to be replaced, and are thus determined what the recorded people talking or what language they used.

Technology

When speaking the speech organs of man including the outer mouth region in a certain way to be actuated. Although this is more or less different, but produce more or less similar for each. Through observation and comparison can be ultimately resulting pattern for the visually perceptible end of the lip movements for certain sounds or words derived. This consciously or unconsciously learned patterns can always be a continuous reading speech from the mouth.

The design and position of the mouth images are mainly in the field of education for the deaf and hard of hearing education to some degree systematically aware of and can be illustrated understandable. The lip-reading is practiced in this area with the practical demonstration and "read" exercise typical mouth positions and mouth image sequences. Hearing impaired children in this field must therefore not detect lip-reading every time anew and reinvent.

Teachers of the deaf and hard of hearing education speak often with particularly aware akzentiuerten mouth movements and slower than in normal everyday life as well as with constant visual contact with the students. Even the layman with pigeons or hard of hearing frequent contact (such as work colleagues), often used to an optimized way of speaking that facilitates lip reading.

It happens that a certain person performs atypical or vague mouth movements when speaking. A hearing-impaired individuals who very often is with this in voice contact, can successfully lip- read by the unconscious intensive training then even under these unfavorable circumstances. Other hearing impaired people who meet the same person rarely, this succeeds then less well.

Problems

From the sounds of the German language, only about 15 % can be fairly clearly seen at the mouth image. Often have different but phonetically similar words almost identical mouth image sequences. For example, butter and nuts, tires and gripping or eighty and has become indistinguishable in the visual impression of the lip movements.

Also, hard of hearing, sometimes seen with additional hearing aids only fragments of what is said with the hearing and in addition incorporate equally fragmentary with the visual sense " understood" information, this must cooperate guess like a crossword puzzle during the brief perceptual span. At a larger scale - for example, a lecture - this is very tiring or even impossible.

Therefore, the deaf and hard of hearing, despite lip-reading effort aufzufnehmen Spoken mainly in larger extent. The Gap, which results from fragmentary perception can be supplemented with a lot of experience and knowledge of the importance of relationship, so plenty of lip reader for known issues can be read up to 30% of a text from the lips. Those with low formal knowledge of language and vocabulary can therefore bad lip reading.

Helpful to improve the " hit rate " at Mundablesen, include a clear mouth image. It makes sense also, first briefly to mention the subject or the context of that which one wants to speak. Does the speaker 's text through gestures or facial expressions, more content can be detected.

No help is exaggerated clear pronunciation, because it distorts the lip positions and can be modeled atypical. This also applies to extremely slow speaking. Unfavorable lighting conditions, mumbling or dialect pronunciation is accent makes it difficult to lip-reading. The reading from the lips can therefore only assist in the understanding.