List of Caliphs

The Caliph (Arabic خليفة, DMG Halifa, successors ') is according to the Islamic faith of the followers of the Prophet Mohammed, who is with the religious and political leadership of the Islamic community, the Ummah, entrusted. For details refer to product caliphate.

When the Caliph below it first is those who - have been recognized by the vast majority of Sunnis - in their continuous, traditional sequence 632-1924. The following is a selection of key dynasties, whose rulers to " counter- caliph " raised throughout history and in different parts of the Islamic world and the established caliphate so sometimes quite successfully challenged, although their recognition was of course always limited regionally. The Shia have different sets depending on the direction of Imam - Caliph, " prevail ", the part until today. The few remaining Kharijites have partly imams who also have the role of Caliph.

  • 2.2.1 The Fatimids
  • 2.2.2 The Umayyads of Córdoba
  • 2.2.3 The Almohads
  • 2.2.4 The Hafsids
  • 2.2.5 The Caliph of Sokoto
  • 2.2.6 The caliphs of Omdurman
  • 2.2.7 The Ahmadiyya

The four " Rightly Guided Caliphs " (al- chulafa ar - Rashidun )

  • Abdallah Abu Bakr, father- Muhammad ( 632-634 )
  • Umar ibn al - Khattab, father of Muhammad ( 634-644 )
  • Uthman ibn Affan, son of Muhammad ( 644-656 )
  • Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muhammad's cousin and son- ( 656-661 )

Caliph dynasties

→ See also: List of Islamic dynasties

Caliph of the Sunni majority

The Umayyads of Damascus

Under the Umayyads, who ruled from Damascus over a world empire, the office of caliph became hereditary.

  • Mu'awiya I ( 661-680 )
  • Yazid I ( 680-683 )
  • Mu'awiya II ( 683-684 )
  • Marwan I. ( 684-685 )
  • Abd al -Malik ( 685-705 )
  • Al - Walid I ( 705-715 )
  • Sulayman ( 715-717 )
  • Umar Ibn Abd al - Aziz ( 717-720 )
  • Yazid II ( 720-724 )
  • Hisham ( 724-743 )
  • Al - Walid II ( 743-744 )
  • Yazid III. ( 744)
  • Ibrahim ( 744)
  • Marwan II ( 744-750 )

The Abbasids

After the bloody overthrow of the Umayyads from Damascus, the Abbasid caliph founded the second dynasty.

Abbasids of Baghdad

The capital of the Abbasid Caliphate was initially a long time the flourishing Tigrismetropole Baghdad.

  • Abu al - Abbas as- Saffah ( 750-754 )
  • Al- Mansur ( 754-775 )
  • Al -Mahdi ( 775-785 )
  • Al -Hadi ( 785-786 )
  • Harun al-Rashid ( 786-809 )
  • Al-Amin ( 809-813 )
  • Al- Ma'mun ( 813-833 )
  • Al- Mutasim ( 833-842 )
  • Al- Wathiq ( 842-847 )
  • Al- Mutawakkil ( 847-861 )
  • Al- Muntasir ( 861-862 )
  • Al- Mustain ( 862-866 )
  • Al- Mutazz ( 866-869 )
  • Al- Muhtadi ( 869-870 )
  • Al- Mutamid ( 870-892 )
  • Al- Mutadid ( 892-902 )
  • Al- Muktafi ( 902-908 )
  • Al- Muktadir ( 908-932 )
  • Al- Qahir ( 932-934 )
  • Ar - Radi ( 934-940 )
  • Al- Muttaqi ( 940-944 )
  • Al- Mustakfi ( 944-946 )
  • Al- Muti ( 946-974 )
  • At- Tā ʾ i ʿ ( 974-991 )
  • Al -Qadir (991-1031)
  • Al- Qaim (1031-1075)
  • Al- Muqtadi (1075-1094)
  • Al- Mustazhir (1094-1118)
  • Al- Mustarshid (1118-1135)
  • Al -Rashid (1135-1136)
  • Al- Muqtafi (1136-1160)
  • Al- Mustanjid (1160-1170)
  • Al- Mustadi (1170-1180)
  • An-Nasir (1180-1225)
  • Az- Zahir (1225-1226)
  • Al- Mustansir I. (1226-1242)
  • Al- Mustasim (1242-1258)
Abbasids of Cairo

After the conquest of Baghdad by the Mongols, there was a restoration of the Abbasid Caliphate in Cairo under Egyptian Mamlukensultanen.

  • Al- Mustansir II ( 1261 )
  • Al -Hakim I. (1261/1262-1302)
  • Al- Mustakfi I. (1302-1340)
  • Al- Wathiq I. (1340-1341)
  • Al -Hakim II (1341-1352)
  • Al- Mu'tadid I. (1352-1362)
  • Al- Mutawakkil I. (1362-1383)
  • Al- Wathiq II (1383-1386)
  • Al- Mu'tasim (1386-1389)
  • Al- Mutawakkil I ( again ) ( 1389-1406 )
  • Al- Musta'in (1406-1414)
  • Al- Mu'tadid II (1414-1441)
  • Al- Mustakfi II (1441-1451)
  • Al- Qa'im (1451-1455)
  • Al- Mustanjid (1455-1479)
  • Al- Mutawakkil II (1479-1497)
  • Al- Mustamsik (1497-1508)
  • Al- Mutawakkil III. (1508-1517)

The Ottomans

Since the conquest of Cairo in 1517, the Ottoman sultans led at the same time the title of caliph.

  • Selim I (1517-1520)
  • Suleiman I (1520-1566)
  • Selim II (1566-1574)
  • Murad III. (1574-1595)
  • Mehmed III. (1595-1603)
  • Ahmed I (1603-1617)
  • Mustafa I. (1617-1618)
  • Osman II (1618-1622)
  • Mustafa I. (1622-1623)
  • Murad IV (1623-1640)
  • İbrahim (1640-1648)
  • Mehmed IV (1648-1687)
  • Süleyman II (1687-1691)
  • Ahmed II (1691-1695)
  • Mustafa II (1695-1703)
  • Ahmed III. (1703-1730)
  • Mahmud I (1730-1754)
  • Osman III. (1754-1757)
  • Mustafa III. (1757-1774)
  • Abdulhamid I (1774-1789)
  • Selim III. (1789-1807)
  • Mustafa IV (1807-1808)
  • Mahmud II (1808-1839)
  • Abdülmecid I (1839-1861)
  • Abdulaziz (1861-1876)
  • Murad V (1876 )
  • Abdulhamid II (1876-1909)
  • Mehmed V ( Reşat ) ( 1909-1918 )
  • Mehmed VI. ( Vahdettin ) ( 1918-1922; last Caliph, the Sultan was also the same time)
  • Abdülmecit II (1922-1924)

Other Caliph dynasties ( " counter- caliph " )

The Fatimids

Probably the most successful of all counter Caliphate was the Ismaili Fatimids of. It was temporarily recognized by Morocco to Mesopotamia and controlled the two holy sites of Mecca and Medina.

  • Ubaidullah al -Mahdi ( 909-934 )
  • Al - Qa'im ( 934-946 )
  • Al - Mansur ( 946-953 )
  • A- Mu'izz ( 953-975 )
  • Al - Aziz ( 975-995 )
  • Al -Hakim (995-1021)
  • Az- Zahir (1021-1036)
  • Al - Mustansir (1036-1094)
  • Al - Mustali (1094-1101)
  • Al -Amir (1101-1130)
  • Al - Hafiz (1130-1149)
  • Az- Zafir (1149-1154)
  • Al - Faiz (1154-1160)
  • Al - Adid, (1160-1171)

The Umayyads of Córdoba

Shortly after the Shiite Fatimids founded the overthrown by the Abbasids Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba, a counter, which has been recognized but only in al -Andalus and parts of the Maghreb.

  • Abd ar -Rahman III. ( 912/929-961 )
  • Al - Hakam II ( 961-976 )
  • Hisham II (976-1009)
  • Muhammad II al -Mahdi ( 1009)
  • Sulaiman al - Mustain (1009-1010)
  • Muhammad II al -Mahdi (1010 ) again
  • Hisham II (1010-1013) again
  • Sulaiman al - Mustain (1013-1016) again
  • Ali Ibn al - Nasir Hammud (1016-1018)
  • Abd ar -Rahman IV ( 1018)
  • Al -Qasim al - Mamun (1018-1021)
  • Yahya al - Mutali (1021-1023)
  • Abd ar -Rahman V. (1023-1024)
  • Muhammad III. (1024-1025)
  • Yahya al - Mutali (1025-1026) again
  • Hisham III. (1026-1031)

The Almohads

The Sunni Caliphate of the Berber Almohad has been recognized in the Maghreb.

  • Abd al- Mumin (1130-1163)
  • Abu Yaqub Yusuf I (1163-1184)
  • Yaqub al - Mansur (1184-1199)
  • Muhammad al-Nasir (1199-1213)
  • Yusuf al - Mustansir II (1213-1224)
  • Abdallah al - Adil (1224-1227)
  • Idris I. al - Mamun (1227-1232)
  • Abd al- Wahid II ar -Rashid (1232-1242)
  • Ali Abul- Hasan al- Said (1242-1248)
  • Umar al - Mustafiq (1248-1266)
  • Abu Dabis (1266-1269)

The Hafsids

The Caliph of Sokoto

The caliphs of Omdurman

The Ahmadiyya

  • Caliph
DIN 31635 Khawarij List of Muslim empires and dynasties al-Walid I. Yazid II. Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik Marwan II. As-Saffah Al-Mahdi al-Muntasir al-Muhtadi al-Muktafi al-Qahir al-Muttaqi al-Muqtadi Al-Mustarshid Al-Rashid (12th century) Al-Mustanjid Al-Mustansir (Baghdad) Al-Mustansir (Cairo) Al-Mustakfi I (Cairo) al-Mutawakkil III. Selim I. Selim II. Ahmed I. Osman II. Murad IV. Ahmed II. Mustafa II. Mahmud I. Mustafa IV. Mahmud II. Murad V. Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah Al-Mansur Billah Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah Al-Musta'li Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah al-Hafiz Al-Zafir al-Fa'iz Al-'Āḍid al-Andalus al-Hakam II. Muhammad II of Córdoba Sulayman ibn al-Hakam Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir Abd ar-Rahman IV. Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'tali Hisham III of Córdoba Almohad Caliphate Abd al-Mu'min Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur Yusuf II, Almohad caliph Abdallah al-Adil Idris al-Ma'mun Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid Hafsid dynasty Sokoto Caliphate
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