List of extinct languages

Extinct languages ​​are historical languages ​​whose speakers have died or whose speakers have been transferred to a different language ( have assimilated into another language community ).

There are several reasons for the extinction of languages. Extinct languages ​​are distinguished from "dead" languages ​​whose speakers are not extinct in the true sense, but the historical forerunner of today's languages ​​are (eg, the speaker of Latin is not extinct, but have their Vulgar Latin in the course of time more and more changed until it emerged today's Romance languages. )

A variety of languages ​​or language families became extinct after the colonization of America and Australia. Linguists estimate that only 10-20 will survive from the hundreds spoken before European settlement Australian languages. In America, the situation is similar. Again, the majority of languages ​​with arrival of European conquerors disappeared and were replaced by four European languages ​​( English, Spanish, Portuguese, French ).

Another area with a high number of endangered languages ​​of New Guinea. Due to the geographical isolation of individual strains of the island's interior had a very high density voice. Of the approximately 1,000 languages ​​, the majority is threatened with extinction.

A historic speech displacement is south Africa adopted the Sahara. Here are the Bantu languages ​​have replaced older languages ​​often. In North Africa, it was again the Arabic, the previous languages, including the important cultural language of Coptic repressed.

Italic languages

  • Latin ( only official language in the Vatican )
  • Venetic, Veneto, Italy

Romance Languages

  • Dalmatisch
  • Moselromanisch ( extinct in the 11th century )
  • Mozarabic
  • Ragusäisch

Iranian languages

Germanic Languages

  • Burgundian
  • Lombard
  • Suebisch ( Suevisch )
  • Vandal ( Wandalisch )
  • Gothic
  • Krimgotisch
  • Wymysörisch (almost extinct)

Celtic languages

  • Gallic Norisch, close relationship with Gallo suspected; died at an unknown time before or during the Great Migration

Slavic Languages

  • Old Church Slavonic (lives as Neukirchenslawisch continued in the use of the Slavonic Orthodox Churches )
  • Polabian (1756 extinct)
  • Pomoranisch
  • Slovincian ( extinct in 1950 )
  • Altostslawisch ( after the 14th century by Russian and Ruthenian replaced)
  • Ruthenian ( after the 17th century fallen into disuse, in the 19th century by Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russinisch replaced)

Baltic languages

  • Old Prussian
  • Nehrungskurisch
  • Sudauisch

Finno -Ugric languages

  • Merjanisch (probably died between the 11th century and 14th century)
  • Meschtscherisch (probably extinct in the 16th century)
  • Muromisch (probably died between the 11th century and 14th century)
  • Kemisamisch ( extinct in the 19th century)
  • Akkalasamisch (last Erstsprecher died 2003 )
  • Ischorisch ( critically endangered, only a few hundred speakers)
  • Liv ( nearly extinct)
  • Votic ( nearly extinct)
  • Vepsian ( critically endangered, only a few thousand speakers)

Samoyedic languages

  • Jurakisch (early 19th century)
  • Kamassisch (1989)
  • Matorisch ( 1840)

Anatolian

  • Hittite
  • Luwian
  • Lydian
  • Lycian
  • Palaisch
  • Side table
  • Pisidisch
  • Karisch

Ancient American languages

  • Eyak (Alaska), last spokeswoman Marie Smith Jones died in 2008
  • Muchik ( Mochica, including the Quingnam the Chimú )
  • Puquina ( on Lake Titicaca )
  • Olmec language

Turkic languages

  • Old Turkic language
  • Khazar language
  • Turkic Hun
  • Kipchak language
  • Cuman language
  • Oghusische language ( Altturkmenisch, Altaserbaidschanisch )
  • Ottoman language
  • Tschagataische language

Other extinct languages

  • Pelasgian, Greece
  • Egyptian ( Coptic ), 17th Century
  • Akkadian, now Iraq and Syria
  • Arabana, Australia
  • Ausanisch, South Arabia
  • Elamite, Khuzistan ( in present-day Iran and Iraq), 10th century
  • Etruscan, Italy
  • Garamantisch, North Africa
  • Hadramautisch, South Arabia
  • Hatrenisch, Iraq
  • Hurrian, ( Today eastern Turkey and Iraq)
  • Illyrian, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Epirus
  • Liburnian, Croatia
  • Ligurian, Liguria, Italy
  • Lihyanisch, Northern Arabia
  • Meroitisch, Sudan
  • Nabatäisch, Northern Arabia
  • Numidisch, North Africa
  • Palmyrenisch, Syria
  • Phoenician- Punic, Middle East, North Africa
  • Qatabanisch, South Arabia
  • Sabean, South Arabia
  • Sumerian, Mesopotamia ( now Iraq )
  • Thamudic, Northern Arabia
  • Thracian, Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor
  • Tocharian, Xinjiang, China
  • Ubychisch, Caucasus, last speaker died in 1992 Tevfik Esenç
  • Urartian, today eastern Turkey and Armenia
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