List of extinct languages
Extinct languages are historical languages whose speakers have died or whose speakers have been transferred to a different language ( have assimilated into another language community ).
There are several reasons for the extinction of languages. Extinct languages are distinguished from "dead" languages whose speakers are not extinct in the true sense, but the historical forerunner of today's languages are (eg, the speaker of Latin is not extinct, but have their Vulgar Latin in the course of time more and more changed until it emerged today's Romance languages. )
A variety of languages or language families became extinct after the colonization of America and Australia. Linguists estimate that only 10-20 will survive from the hundreds spoken before European settlement Australian languages. In America, the situation is similar. Again, the majority of languages with arrival of European conquerors disappeared and were replaced by four European languages ( English, Spanish, Portuguese, French ).
Another area with a high number of endangered languages of New Guinea. Due to the geographical isolation of individual strains of the island's interior had a very high density voice. Of the approximately 1,000 languages , the majority is threatened with extinction.
A historic speech displacement is south Africa adopted the Sahara. Here are the Bantu languages have replaced older languages often. In North Africa, it was again the Arabic, the previous languages, including the important cultural language of Coptic repressed.
Italic languages
- Latin ( only official language in the Vatican )
- Venetic, Veneto, Italy
Romance Languages
- Dalmatisch
- Moselromanisch ( extinct in the 11th century )
- Mozarabic
- Ragusäisch
Iranian languages
- Avestan
- Parthian
- Old Persian
- Sogdian
Germanic Languages
- Burgundian
- Lombard
- Suebisch ( Suevisch )
- Vandal ( Wandalisch )
- Gothic
- Krimgotisch
- Wymysörisch (almost extinct)
Celtic languages
- Gallic Norisch, close relationship with Gallo suspected; died at an unknown time before or during the Great Migration
Slavic Languages
- Old Church Slavonic (lives as Neukirchenslawisch continued in the use of the Slavonic Orthodox Churches )
- Polabian (1756 extinct)
- Pomoranisch
- Slovincian ( extinct in 1950 )
- Altostslawisch ( after the 14th century by Russian and Ruthenian replaced)
- Ruthenian ( after the 17th century fallen into disuse, in the 19th century by Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russinisch replaced)
Baltic languages
- Old Prussian
- Nehrungskurisch
- Sudauisch
Finno -Ugric languages
- Merjanisch (probably died between the 11th century and 14th century)
- Meschtscherisch (probably extinct in the 16th century)
- Muromisch (probably died between the 11th century and 14th century)
- Kemisamisch ( extinct in the 19th century)
- Akkalasamisch (last Erstsprecher died 2003 )
- Ischorisch ( critically endangered, only a few hundred speakers)
- Liv ( nearly extinct)
- Votic ( nearly extinct)
- Vepsian ( critically endangered, only a few thousand speakers)
Samoyedic languages
- Jurakisch (early 19th century)
- Kamassisch (1989)
- Matorisch ( 1840)
Anatolian
- Hittite
- Luwian
- Lydian
- Lycian
- Palaisch
- Side table
- Pisidisch
- Karisch
Ancient American languages
- Eyak (Alaska), last spokeswoman Marie Smith Jones died in 2008
- Muchik ( Mochica, including the Quingnam the Chimú )
- Puquina ( on Lake Titicaca )
- Olmec language
Turkic languages
- Old Turkic language
- Khazar language
- Turkic Hun
- Kipchak language
- Cuman language
- Oghusische language ( Altturkmenisch, Altaserbaidschanisch )
- Ottoman language
- Tschagataische language
Other extinct languages
- Pelasgian, Greece
- Egyptian ( Coptic ), 17th Century
- Akkadian, now Iraq and Syria
- Arabana, Australia
- Ausanisch, South Arabia
- Elamite, Khuzistan ( in present-day Iran and Iraq), 10th century
- Etruscan, Italy
- Garamantisch, North Africa
- Hadramautisch, South Arabia
- Hatrenisch, Iraq
- Hurrian, ( Today eastern Turkey and Iraq)
- Illyrian, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Epirus
- Liburnian, Croatia
- Ligurian, Liguria, Italy
- Lihyanisch, Northern Arabia
- Meroitisch, Sudan
- Nabatäisch, Northern Arabia
- Numidisch, North Africa
- Palmyrenisch, Syria
- Phoenician- Punic, Middle East, North Africa
- Qatabanisch, South Arabia
- Sabean, South Arabia
- Sumerian, Mesopotamia ( now Iraq )
- Thamudic, Northern Arabia
- Thracian, Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor
- Tocharian, Xinjiang, China
- Ubychisch, Caucasus, last speaker died in 1992 Tevfik Esenç
- Urartian, today eastern Turkey and Armenia