Lithium hydride
White solid
Fixed
0.76 g · cm -3
688 ° C
Reacts violently with water
Risk
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Lithium hydride LiH is a salt-like chemical compound of lithium and hydrogen. Since it is very light and strong, it provides an excellent hydrogen storage with a capacity of 2.8 m3 of hydrogen per kilogram dar. The hydrogen can be released by a reaction with water.
Production and representation
Lithium hydride is prepared by the reaction of the liquid metal lithium with molecular hydrogen at 600 ° C.
Properties
Physical Properties
Lithium hydride is a white to gray, combustible powder with a density of 0.76 g/cm3 one of the lightest solids. It melts at 688 ° C. The enthalpy of formation is -90.43 kJ / mol.
Chemical Properties
Lithium hydride is flammable, so reacts with elemental oxygen. This produces lithium hydroxide:
It reacts with water, acids and bases with liberation of hydrogen:
It reduces or hydrogenated organic compounds, such as formaldehyde to methanol:
Lithium hydride begins at 900-1000 ° C to decompose into elemental lithium and hydrogen, making it the most thermally stable alkali metal hydride.
When heated in a stream of nitrogen to form lithium nitride. As intermediates arise lithium amide ( LiNH 2 ) and lithium imide ( Li2NH ).
Use
Lithium hydride used as a reducing agent for the production of hydrides and Doppelhydriden. Furthermore, it is used for the deprotonation of CH-acidic compounds. Another field of application is given to the manufacture of lithium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride hydrogenating agent.
In hydrogen bombs Lithiumdeuterid, the deuterated lithium hydride serves as a fusion material.
Safety
Since lithium reacts strongly exothermic with common fire extinguishing agents such as water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or carbon tetrachloride, fires with inert gases such as must Argon will be deleted.
Credentials
- Toxic substance
- Flammable material
- Lithium compound
- Hydride