London Protocol (1830)

The London Logs to Greece dealt with the creation of a Hellenic State. In the first London Protocol of 22 March 1829, the boundaries of the new state of Greece were laid down in a paper of three European great powers. In the years 1830 and 1832 were in other protocols modifications of joint agreements, even after voting with the Ottoman Empire, made.

Prehistory

After the outbreak of the Greek Revolution, the Great Powers had to deal with the situation in the southern Balkans. Stand the Holy Alliance to the desire for freedom of the Greeks originally dismissive of, the attitude of Great Britain, France and Russia changed after some time. The successful intervention Egyptian auxiliary troops under Muhammad Ali Pasha in the Balkans and to the lake for the benefit of the Ottoman Empire was a suppression of the rebellion are likely. Great power interests, but also become known atrocities led to a change of mood in Europe and philhellenes such as Lord Byron supported the Greeks in their struggle for a separate state.

On July 6, 1827 Britain, France and Russia agreed in the Treaty of London to intervene on behalf of the Greek revolutionaries and asked for a ceasefire, which was rejected by the Ottoman side. The following naval battle of Navarino on October 20, 1827 put the fleet of the Ottoman Empire as well as out of action. The Sultan was also forced to withdraw the bulk of his army units from Greece because penetrated through the broken Russian-Turkish war the Russians in 1828 overland to Constantinople Opel. A gradually emerging defeat of the Turkish side considerations led to the Allies, as it should continue in the region.

Protocol of 1829

The representatives of Great Britain, Russia and France - Secretary of State George Hamilton - Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Minister Christoph von Lieven and Jules de Polignac - signed on 22 March 1829 London Protocol to the interview results. The regions of Central Greece, the Peloponnese and the Cyclades were declared independent state of Greece. Its border should then extend from the Gulf of Arta in the west to the Gulf of Volos to the east. For the new state an annual tribute payment of 1.5 million Turkish piastres to the Sultan was planned, under whose suzerainty he should stay. A Christian prince should get Greece by the Sultan as a fief and the first choice of the ruler of the Three Powers and the Sublime Porte happen together.

Outcome

However, the Greek president Ioannis Kapodistrias refused the invitation to abolish the Greek blockades than the region of Morea and the Cyclades and the Greek Corps withdraw from Livadien, Epirus and Attica, comply. The military advance of the Russians to Adrian Opel came to the aid of the Greeks and suddenly changed the situation. Russia took on British concerns a weakening of the gate no consideration and forced the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Adrian Opel on September 14, 1829 in advance the approval of amending the Treaty of London granted. The future independence of Greece recognized the defeated opponents of the war in fact.

Protocol of 1830

The provisions were amended so that Greece should form a fully independent and tribute free state under a king of their own in the London Protocol of 3 February 1830. As its northern border was determined by the discharge of a west Aspropotamos about Vrachori to the Gulf of Malia running line; also Euboea, the Cyclades and the island of Skyros should belong to Greece. Furthermore, the crown of Greece, Prince Leopold of Saxe- Coburg was offered.

Protocol of 1832

The area designations were a few months later, again concretized in the London Protocol of 18 Augustjul. / August 30 1832greg. , Of the three guarantor powers. As the new state of Greece were now the Peloponnese peninsula and a few her surrounding islands, the mainland south of the Gulf of Arta to the Gulf of Volos, the island of Euboea, the Cyclades and Northern Sporades.

The sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire were under Thessaly, Epirus, Macedonia, Crete and most of the islands.